Table 3.
General characteristics of the included studies
| Inclusion of literature | Published (year) | Country or region | Research object | Research design | Research objective | Interventionists | Time of intervention /Duration |
Forms of intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yakar H K et al.[15] | 2021 | Istanbul | Cancer patient | Type of experimental re- search | Period of inactive treatment | Trainers, researchers who have participated in training | One day per week for 8 weeks,2h/session | Unstructured mandalas accompanied by Far Eastern and classical music in languages other than the individual's native language |
| Lili Sun et al.[16] | 2021 | China | Cancer patient | A ra- ndomised controlled trial | Period of chemotherapy | Teams that have participated in training,including counsellors, etc | 2 cycles of chemotherapy per cycle for a total of 10 cycles | Structured mandala with calming music |
| LingYu Su et al.[17] | 2022 | China | Patients with primary liver cancer | A ra- ndomised controlled trial | Operative period | Teams that have participated in training,including counsellors,nurses,graduate stud- ents | 1 intervention per day for a total of 6 sessions of 50-60min duration | Structured mandala with soothing soft music |
| YaoLi Li et al.[18] | 2017 | China | Terminal cancer patient | A ra- ndomised controlled trial | End-stage cancer | nurses | Once a week, give enough time | Not mentioned, soothing soft music plus meditation |
| ShuFen Zhao et al.[19] | 2017 | China | Non-elderly cancer patients | A ra- ndomised controlled trial | Treatment period | Psychological counsellors, trained members of hospital psychological care teams, oncology nurses | 2 times a week, 45 min each time, 15:00 ~ 15:45 | Structural Mandala, no |
| Gürcan M et al.[20] | 2021 | Istanbul | Adolescent cancer patients | A ra- ndomised controlled trial | End-stage cancer | Fellows who have attended mandala courses | Two times in total, at intervals of 2 or 3 days, with time taken into account for adolescents' recommendations | Unstructured mandala accompanied by classical or instrumental music |
| ShuFen Zhao et al.[21] | 2019 | China | Patients with esophageal cancer | A ra- ndomised controlled trial | Radiation therapy period | Members of hospital care psychology teams, psycholog -ists who have participated in the training | 1 time/week, 6 weeks in total, 40min/time, 15:30 ~ 16:10 | Structural Mandala, no |
| Akbulak F et al.[22] | 2023 | Istanbul | Female breast cancer patients | Type of experimental research | Period of chemotherapy | Nurses | Total 1 time, 30min | Structural Mandala, no |
| Moharamkhani M et al.[23] | 2023 | Iran | Childhood cancer patients | Type of experimental research | Not in advanced stages | Researcher | Daily, in 6 sessions for 6 days, 45 min each session (11:00 a.m.) | Structural Mandala, no |
| Gürcan M et al.[24] | 2020 | Istanbul | Adolescent cancer patients | Qualitative research | Treatment period | Researcher | Total 1 session, 1–2 h | Unstructured mandala, accom -panied by classical or instrumental music |
| Elkis-Abuhoff et al.[25] | 2009 | United States of America | Female breast cancer patients | Qualitative research | Treatment period | Doctors | Every time you go to the doctor | Unstructured mandala, no |