. 2025 Sep 24;17:267. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01309-w

Table 3.

Whitin- and between-group comparison of (n = 19 per group)

Variable	Group	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	Within-group
Variable	Group	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	Sig.	Cohen’s d	Sig.	Cohen’s d
Side hop test (second)	WBV	10.84	10.90	0.70	0.09	0.99	0.002
Side hop test (second)	BFR + WBV	10.74	10.80	0.59	0.12	0.99	0.002
Perceived instability	WBV	3.89	3.90	0.97	0.007	0.01	0.874
Perceived instability	BFR + WBV	3.67	4.10	0.001	0.87	0.01	0.874
Dorsiflexion ROM (deg)	WBV	40.66	41.10	0.013	0.63	0.76	0.100
Dorsiflexion ROM (deg)	BFR + WBV	40.42	40.78	0.028	0.55	0.76	0.100
Joint repositioning error (deg)	WBV	3.34 ± 1.86	2.54 ± 1.52	0.08	0.42	0.004	1.00
Joint repositioning error (deg)	BFR + WBV	3.25 ± 2.31	4.24 ± 2.09	0.02	0.60	0.004	1.00

Abbreviations: WBV, whole body vibration; BFR, blood flow restriction; ROM, range of motion. Values in bold indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05)