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. 2025 Sep 24;25:3088. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24398-1

Table 3.

Begg’s and egger’s test results for publication bias

Test Statistic Value Std. Err. t -value P -value 95%CI
Begg’s Test Kendall’s Score (P-Q) −78 -
Std. Dev. of Score 141.48 -
z -value −0.55 0.581 -
z-value(continuity corrected) 0.54 0.586 -
Egger’s Test Slope bias 0.1349 0.4141 0.33 0.746 −0.6953, 0.9650
Intercept 16.9316 5.2736 3.21 0.002 6.3587, 27.5045