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. 2025 Sep 24;25:426. doi: 10.1186/s12890-025-03830-7

Table 2.

The relationship between asthma and GNRI (multifactor regression OR (95% CI))

Variable Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
GNRI 1.021 (1.017, 1.026) 1.022 (1.017, 1.026) 1.021 (1.016, 1.026)
P-value  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
GNRI, quartile
 Q1 (< 109.35) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref)
 Q2 (109.35–116.06) 1.004 (0.847, 1.191) 1.013 (0.854,1.201) 1.064 (0.889, 1.273)
 Q3 (116.06–123.43) 0.974 (0.821, 1.156) 0.988 (0.831,1.174) 1.067 (0.89, 1.278)
 Q4 (≥ 123.43) 1.658 (1.418, 1.941) 1.674 (1.429,1.964) 1.666 (1.41, 1.972)
P-trend  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001

Model 1 was the crude model

Model 2 was adjusted for race and education

Model 3 was adjusted for race, education, chronic bronchitis, heart rate, and emphysema

OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, GNRI Geriatric nutritional risk index