Skip to main content
. 2025 Sep 24;25:701. doi: 10.1186/s12877-025-06339-0

Table 1.

Factors associated with institutionalization (univariate and multivariate Cox regression models)

Univariate Multivariate
Model 1(1) Model 2(2)
HR (95% CI) p HR (95% CI) p HR (95% CI) p
Patient age (< 80 years) 1.11 (0.27; 4.54) 0.882
Patient sex (female) 1.33 (1.02; 1.73) 0.031 1.45 (1.05; 2.00) 0.025 1.41 (1.00; 2.00) 0.052
Patient studies (≥ secondary) 1.52 (1.26; 1.84) 0.000 1.33 (1.21; 1.47) 0.000 1.60 (1.58; 1.61) 0.000
Barthel index (independence, little or moderate dependence, > 60 points) 1.07 (0.74; 1.55) 0.715
GDS stage (GDS 3–5 mild-moderate dementia) 0.85 (0.35; 2.07) 0.719
Treatment for dementia (No) 1.36 (1.00; 1.84) 0.049 1.43 (1.10; 1.87) 0.009
Neuroleptic treatment (No) 1.17 (0.91; 1.50) 0.232
Charlson index (≤ 2 points) 0.97 (0.71; 1.33) 0.852
Caregiver's employment status (Does not work) 1.28 (0.38; 4.28) 0.688
Presence of caregiver overload (No) 1.38 (0.72; 2.65) 0.336
Apathy subsyndrome (No)(1) 2.26 (1.31; 3.91) 0.004 2.23 (1.29; 3.88) 0.004
Hyperactivity subsyndrome (No)(1) 1.51 (0.68; 3.40) 0.314
Affective subsyndrome (No)(1) 0.66 (0.27; 1.60) 0.356
Psychosis subsyndrome (No)(1) 0.86 (0.47; 1.60) 0.640
NPI Scale (≤ 21 points) 1.23 (1.16; 1.32) 0.000 1.25 (1.05; 1.49) 0.012

In bold: p statistically significant. GDS Global Deterioration Scale (GDS 3: mild CD, borderline impairment. GDS 4: moderate CD, mild dementia. GDS 5: moderately severe CD, moderate dementia. GDS 6: severe CD, moderately severe dementia. GDS 7: very severe CD, severe dementia)

1Cox regression model adjusted for the presence of clinically relevant neuropsychiatric subsyndromes (that is, having at least some neuropsychiatric symptoms with an NPI value ≥ 4)

AIC: 321.19

BIC: 324.01

2Cox regression model adjusted for the NPI score

AIC: 325.64

BIC: 328.46