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. 2025 Sep 24;25:701. doi: 10.1186/s12877-025-06339-0

Table 2.

Factors associated with mortality (univariate and multivariate Cox regression models)

Univariate Multivariate
Model 1(1) Model 2(2)
HR (95% CI) p HR (95% CI) p HR (95% CI) p
Patient age (< 80 years) 2.25 (1.59; 3.20) 0.000 2.22 (1.61; 3.06) 0.000 2.08 (1.62; 2.69) 0.000
Patient sex (female) 1.18 (0.76; 1.85) 0.462
Patient studies (≥ secondary) 1.18 (0.99; 1.40) 0.072
Barthel index (independence, little or moderate dependence, > 60 points) 2.95 (1.97; 4.41) 0.000
GDS stage (GDS 3–5 mild-moderate dementia) 2.97 (1.18; 7.45) 0.020 3.40 (1.45; 7.98) 0.005 3.38 (1.34; 8.52) 0.010
Treatment for dementia (No) 0.63 (0.38; 1.05) 0.078
Neuroleptic treatment (No) 1.16 (1.05; 1.28) 0.003
Charlson index (≤ 2 points) 1.62 (1.39; 1.90) 0.000 1.67 (1.29; 2.17) 0.000 1.78 (1.40; 2.26) 0.000
Apathy subsyndrome (No)(1) 1.71 (1.63; 1.80) 0.000 1.66 (1.47; 1.87) 0.000
Hyperactivity subsyndrome (No)(1) 0.82 (0.35; 1.89) 0.638
Affective subsyndrome (No)(1) 1.30 (0.96; 1.75) 0.091
Psychosis subsyndrome (No)(1) 1.68 (1.37; 2.06) 0.000
NPI Scale (≤ 21 points) 1.54 (1.05; 2.26) 0.026 1.47 (1.38; 1.58) 0.000

In bold: p statistically significant. GDS Global Deterioration Scale (GDS 3: mild CD, borderline impairment. GDS 4: moderate CD, mild dementia. GDS 5: moderately severe CD, moderate dementia. GDS 6: severe CD, moderately severe dementia. GDS 7: very severe CD, severe dementia)

1Cox regression model adjusted for the presence of neuropsychiatric subsyndromes clinically relevant (that is, they have at least some neuropsychiatric symptoms with an NPI value ≥ 4)

AIC: 512.35

BIC: 515.17

2Cox regression model adjusted for total NPI score

AIC: 513.88

BIC: 516.70