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. 2025 Sep 24;20:481. doi: 10.1186/s13023-025-04007-5

Table 2.

Primary and motor secondary outcomes

Ziclague® Placebo 95% CI SE p-values
Pre Post Pre Post
Outcomes N = 52 N = 52 N = 52 N = 52
Primary outcome
Self-selected gait velocity (m/s) 0.85 (±0.31) 0.86 (±0.34) 0.81 (±0.31) 0.86 (±0.31) [-0.07, 0.01] 0.02 0.17
Secondary outcomes
Maximal gait velocity (m/s) 1.17 (±0.44) 1.17 (±0.45) 1.11 (±0.46) 1.17 (±0.46) [-0.09, -0.01] 0.02 0.04
Endurance walking by 6MWT (m) 250.0 (±94.6) 249.3 (±103.4) 244.6 (±96.3) 249.6 (±95.1) [-14.70, 4.90] 5.0 0.32
Spasticity (MAS)
 Hip adductors muscles 1.69 (±0.79) 1.54 (±0.68) 1.74 (±0.85) 1.61 (±0.72) [-0.58, 1.02] 0.41 0.59
 Triceps surae muscles 1.88 (±0.77) 1.86 (±0.79) 1.85 (±0.87) 1.73 (±0.82) [-0.56, 1.04] 0.41 0.56
Muscle strength (MRC)
 Hip adductors muscles 4.60 (±0.66) 4.58 (±0.79) 4.50 (±0.82) 4.58 (±0.70) NA 1.20 0.41
 Triceps surae muscles 4.48 (±0.93) 4.54 (±0.79) 4.50 (±0.82) 4.56 (±0.82) [-0.51, 2.19] 0.69 0.23

Primary and motor secondary outcomes: mean values (±standard deviation), 95% CI, standard error and p-values, obtained by GEE models. Considered on patients who completed at least two visits of the clinical trial (N = 52). 6MWT, 6-minute walking test; CI, confidence interval; MAS, modified Ashworth scale; MRC, Medical Research Council scale; NA, not applicable; SE, standard error