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. 2025 Sep 8;8:47. doi: 10.20517/cdr.2025.133

Table 2.

Comparison of prognostic models for DFS in our cohort using different combinations of CPs and molecular biomarkers

Model, formula, and features HR (95%CI) P value AIC LRT P value
Model 1: CP features
Tumor size (> 2.0 cm vs. ≤ 2.0 cm) 2.51 (1.31-4.80) 0.005 553.42 < 0.001**
ALN status (positive vs. negative) 1.67 (0.96-2.93) 0.071
ER (negative vs. positive) 2.24 (1.26-4.00) 0.006
Model 2: CP features + TILs
Tumor size (> 2.0 cm vs. ≤ 2.0 cm) 2.51 (1.32-4.80) 0.005 545.28 < 0.001**
ALN status (positive vs. negative) 1.77 (1.01-3.11) 0.045
ER (negative vs. positive) 2.15 (1.21-3.84) 0.009
TILs (low vs. high) 2.53 (1.39-4.61) 0.002
Model 3: CP features + TILs + CNA
Tumor size (> 2.0 cm vs. ≤ 2.0 cm) 2.51 (1.31-4.78) 0.005 545.73 < 0.001**
ALN status (positive vs. negative) 1.87 (1.06-3.30) 0.030
ER (negative vs. positive) 2.15 (1.20-3.83) 0.010
TILs (low vs. high) 2.44 (1.33-4.46) 0.004
CNA (high vs. low) 1.42 (0.81-2.48) 0.216
Model 4: CP features + TILs + TRAG (our novel model)
Tumor size (> 2.0 cm vs. ≤ 2.0 cm) 2.04 (1.05-3.96) 0.034 532.85 1 [reference]
ALN status (positive vs. negative) 2.03 (1.15-3.58) 0.015
ER (negative vs. positive) 2.05 (1.15-3.66) 0.015
TILs (low vs. high) 2.63 (1.44-4.81) 0.002
TRAG mutation (yes vs. no) 3.45 (1.92-6.23) < 0.001
Model 5: CP features + TILs + CNA + TRAG
Tumor size (> 2.0 cm vs. ≤ 2.0 cm) 2.04 (1.05-3.96) 0.035 533.85 0.377
ALN status (positive vs. negative) 2.03 (1.15-3.57) 0.014
ER (negative vs. positive) 2.03 (1.13-3.62) 0.017
TILs (low vs. high) 2.57 (1.40-4.71) 0.002
CNA (high vs. low) 1.28 (0.74-2.23) 0.380
TRAG mutation (yes vs. no) 3.34 (1.85-6.05) < 0.001

DFS: Disease-free survival; CP: clinicopathologic parameter; HR: hazard Ratio; CI: confidence interval; AIC: Akaike information criterion; LRT: likelihood ratio test; ALN: axillary lymph node; ER: estrogen receptor; TILs: tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; CNA: copy number alteration; TRAG: trastuzumab response-associated gene. TRAG: We derived a 15-gene signature associated with trastuzumab response (FLG, MAP1A, ASPM, MEN1, PTEN, SMAD2, SCN7A, BRCA1, CTNNA1, FYN, HRNR, MRE11, RNF43, DCTN1, and PCLO). **Two-sided P < 0.001.