FIG. 1.

Inhibition of AAV infection by various GAGs. (A) rAAV was incubated with the indicated concentrations of heparin (▪), chondroitin sulfate B (dermatan sulfate) (○), chondroitin sulfate A (◊), or chondroitin sulfate C (▵) for 1 h at 37°C prior to a 1-h adsorption of the virus-GAG mixture to HeLa cells for infection. β-Galactosidase activity was assayed 44 h postinfection by using a Galacto-Light Plus kit (Tropix Inc.) and measured in a luminometer. Each point represents the average percent decrease in RLU per microgram of protein relative to the maximum level obtained in experiments without GAG. (B) HeLa cells were preincubated with increasing concentrations of heparin at 37°C for 1 h. After thorough washing, cells were infected with rAAV as described above. Data points represent the average percent maximum RLU/microgram of protein obtained without heparin preincubation.