Table 3.

Representative resistance-related genes assessed in the current study

Gene	Protein name	Related drug	Mechanism	Ref.
ABCB1	ATP-dependent translocase	Multiple drugs	↑, drug efflux pump	UniProt no. P08183; [14]
ASS1	Argininosuccinate synthase	Platinum-based drugs	↓, metabolic reprogramming	UniProt no. P00966; [15-17]
ATP7A	Copper-transporting ATPase 1	Platinum-based drugs	Drug sequestration/efflux	UniProt no. Q04656; [18]
dCK	Deoxycytidine kinase	Pyrimidine antimetabolites	Mut, ↓, prevents drug activation	UniProt no. P27707; [19]
ECHDC1	Ethylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase	Gemcitabine	↑, altered metabolism	UniProt no. Q9NTX5; [20]
hENT1	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1	Gemcitabine	↓; reduced drug uptake	UniProt no. Q99808; [21]
MT2A	Metallothionein-2	Platinum-based drugs	↓; drug inactivation	UniProt no. P02795; [22]
SAT1	Diamine acetyltransferase 1	Cisplatin	↓; altered polyamine metabolism	UniProt no. P21673; [17]
SLC3A1	Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein	Several drugs, incl. cisplatin and doxorubicin	↑, altered nutrient transport	UniProt no. Q07837; [23]
TUBβ3	Tubulin βIII	Tubulin-interacting agents	↑, mut, altered drug target	UniProt no. Q13509; [24]

↑: Upregulated; ↓: downregulated, mut: mutated. ATP: Adenosine triphosphate.