Table 2.
Outline of the Mendelian randomization analyses performed in this study
| Analysis | GWAS | IVs | SNPs p-value threshold | MR-method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mendelian Randomization: T2D → OSA |
BMI-unadjusted and BMI-adjusted European T2D and OSA GWASs: DIAGRAM, MVP-White | SNPs significantly associated with T2D |
5 × 10−8 10−7 10−5 |
Primary: IVW, MR-RAPS, MR-PRESSO Secondary: MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, MR-RAPS. |
|
Mendelian Randomization: OSA → T2D |
BMI-unadjusted and BMI-adjusted European T2D and OSA GWASs: DIAGRAM, MVP-White | SNPs significantly associated with OSA |
5 × 10−8 10−7 10−5 |
Primary: IVW, MR-RAPS, MR-PRESSO Secondary: MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, MR-RAPS. |
|
Multivariable Mendelian Randomization: T2D → OSA |
BMI-unadjusted European T2D, BMI and OSA GWASs: DIAGRAM, GIANT, MVP-White | SNPs significantly associated with T2D or BMI |
5 × 10−8 10−7 10−5 |
Primary: IVW |
|
Multivariable Mendelian Randomization: OSA → T2D |
BMI-unadjusted European OSA, BMI and T2D GWASs: DIAGRAM, GIANT, MVP-White | SNPs significantly associated with OSA or BMI |
5 × 10−8 10−7 10−5 |
Primary: IVW |
BMI body mass index, DIAGRAM diabetes genetics replication and meta-analysis consortium, GIANT the Genetic investigation of anthropometric traits consortium, IV instrumental variable, IVW inverse-variance weighted MR estimator, MR Mendelian randomization, MR-Egger MR using Egger regression, MR-RAPS Mendelian randomization using the robust adjusted profile score, MR-PRESSO Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, MVP million veteran program, OSA obstructive sleep apnea, SNP single nucleotide polymorphism, T2D type 2 diabetes.