TABLE II.
Preoperative and Final Follow-up Deformity Correction Assessed on Weight-Bearing Radiographs Following Fourth-Generation Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery*
| Parameter | Preop. | Final Follow-up | P Value (Preop. Vs. Final Follow-up) |
|---|---|---|---|
| IMA, mean ± SD (deg) | 12.9 ± 3.3 | 4.6 ± 2.5 | <0.001 |
| HVA, mean ± SD (deg) | 29.5 ± 8.5 | 7.3 ± 6.7 | <0.001 |
| Lateral sesamoid position (% of feet) | <0.001 | ||
| Covered | 0.7 | 11.7 | |
| Mildly uncovered | 21.5 | 49.1 | |
| Moderately uncovered | 36.4 | 28.5 | |
| Uncovered | 41.5 | 10.7 | |
| Round sign (% of feet) | 0.53 | ||
| Angular | 22.2 | 40.3 | |
| Intermediate | 31.3 | 31.1 | |
| Round | 46.6 | 28.6 | |
| Overall deformity† (% of feet) | <0.001 | ||
| Normal | 0.6 | 87.1 | |
| Mild | 10.5 | 8.3 | |
| Moderate | 75.9 | 4.7 | |
| Severe | 13.1 | 0.0 |
*
IMA = 1-2 intermetatarsal angle, HVA = hallux valgus angle.
†
Mild deformity = HVA 15° to 19° and/or IMA 9° to 13°, moderate deformity = HVA 20° to 39° and/or IMA 14° to 19°, severe deformity = HVA ≥ 40° and/or IMA ≥ 20°.