Table 2.
Summary table listing all publications discussed in this manuscript on ex vivo kidney perfusion.
| Study | Animal species/strain | Perfusion solution | Tubing type/length | Use of oxygenators | Flow rate | Length of perfusion | Temperature (°C) | Application | Functional tests performed | Cannulation site |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kidney | ||||||||||
| Benchtop | ||||||||||
| Nishiitsutsuji-Uwo, 1967 | Wistar rats (adult males) | Krebs–Henseleit saline, 4.5% bovine serum albumin | Portex based | Yes, but details not specified | 16–30 mL/min | < 2 h (dependent on test) | 38°C–40°C | Studying metabolic activity of the kidney | Metabolism, oxygen consumption, glucose synthesis, creatinine clearance, urine analysis | (Vascular) renal artery and vein; ureter |
| Ross, 1973 | Wistar rats (adults) | Krebs–Henseleit high-bicarbonate saline, 10% bovine serum albumin (mixed with other solution dependent on test) | Not described | 95% O2; 5% CO2 | 34.5 mL/min | > 4 h | Not described | Studying energy sources for sodium reabsorption | Physiological variables (metabolism, oxygen consumption, glucose synthesis, creatinine clearance, urine analysis, glomerular filtration rate), sodium absorption | (Vascular) renal artery and vein; ureter |
| Rosenberger, 2008 | Sprague-Dawley rats (adult males) | Modified Krebs–Ringer–Henseleit solution, 6.7 g/dL bovine serum albumin, 20 amino acids | Not described | 95% O2; 5% CO2 | Not described | 90 min | 38°C | Studying acute kidney injury in diabetic rats | Physiological variables (creatinine clearance, plasma creatinine, urine analysis, sodium absorption, potassium excretion, glomerular filtration rate, necrosis), kidney morphology | (Vascular) renal artery and vein; ureter |
| Hori, 1993 | Wistar rats (adult males) | Modified Krebs–Henseleit bicarbonate buffer, bovine erythrocytes,5% bovine serum albumin,8 amino acids,5 nM glucose,3% mannitol, and 100 μg/mL creatinine | Not described | 95% O2; 5% CO2 | 5 mL/min | 15–30 min | Not described | Studying mechanism of digoxin excretion | Physiological variables (perfusate flow rate, urine flow rate, glomerular filtration rate, sodium and glucose fractional reabsorption), renal tubular secretion | (Vascular) renal artery and inferior vena cava; ureter |
| Yokota, 2018 | Wistar rats (12 week old males) | Modified Krebs–Henseleit solution ,6 g% bovine serum albumin, 8.3 mM urea, 1.25 mM inulin, and 5.55 mM glucose | Not described | Silastic membrane oxygenator | 20 mL/min | 90 min | 37°C | Studying the metabolic effects of high fructose intake | Renal perfusion pressure, renal vascular resistance, osmolar clearance, glomerular filtration rate, urinary flow | (Vascular) renal artery and vein; ureter |
| Mahboub, 2020 | Lewis rats (adult males) | Williams medium E containing 1000 U/L heparin, 15% albumin, 1000 µmol/L creatinine, and 25% HBOC-201 | Silicone based | 95% O2; 5% CO2 | ≥ 8 mL/min (to maintain physiological pressure) | 90 min (rewarming) then 120 min (reperfusion) | 10°C–37°C | Studying the effects of hemoglobin based oxygen carriers during gradual kidney rewarming | Physiological variables (ultrafiltrate production, glomerular filtration rate, sodium reabsorption, pH, lactate levels), renal artery resistance, weight, oxygen consumption, energy, kidney morphology | (Vascular) renal artery; ureter |
| Incubator | ||||||||||
| Uzarski, 2015 | Sprague-Dawley rats (adult males) | (Decellularization) Triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate solution; (recellularization) DMEM/F-12, 10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin | Silicone based | 5% CO2 | 4 mL/min | 7 days | 37°C | Studying the effects of seeding canine or human derived renal cells onto decellularized rats kidney | Hydrostatic pressure, metabolic activity, kidney morphology, injury (kidney injury molecule 1) | (Vascular) renal artery; ureter |
| Won, 2022 | CD1 mice (adults) | (Media 1) Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, 10% fetal bovine serum; (media 2); renal epithelial cell media | Silicone based | 18.6% O2; 5% CO2 | 1.1 mL/min | 9 days | 37°C | Mathematically designed EVOP system for improving kidney longevity | Oxygen consumption, urine analysis, kidney morphology, immunostaining | (Vascular) renal artery; ureter |