Table 3.
Summary table listing all publications discussed in this manuscript on ex vivo gut perfusion.
| Study | Animal species/strain | Perfusion solution | Tubing type/length | Use of oxygenators | Flow rate | Length of perfusion | Temperature (°C) | Application | Functional tests performed | Cannulation site |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gut | ||||||||||
| Benchtop | ||||||||||
| Lautenschlager, 2010 | Wistar rats (adult females) | (Vascular) modified Krebs–Henseleit solution; (luminal) 114 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 26 mM NaHCO3, 30 mM lactose, 5.55 mM glucose, 10 mM mannitol, and 0.8 mM glutamine (310–320 mOsm/L) | Tygon based | 95% O2; 5% CO2 | (Vascular) 7.5 mL/min; (luminal) 0.15 mL/min | 240 min | 36°C | Studying the role of platelet-activating factor in intestinal edema | Physiological variables (oxygen consumption, CO2 partial pressure, metabolism, pH, cellular necrosis, galactose uptake, mucosal surface scoring), luminal and vessel fluid measurements, mesenteric artery and vein pressure, luminal pressure, intestinal motility | (Vascular) superior mesenteric artery and hepatic portal vein; (luminal) proximal and distal small intestine |
| Boyle, 2016 | Wistar rats (adult females) | (Vascular) modified Krebs–Henseleit solution; (luminal) 114 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 26 mM NaHCO3, 30 mM lactose, 5.55 mM glucose, 10 mM mannitol, and 0.8 mM glutamine (310–330 mOsm/L) | Tygon based | 95% O2; 5% CO2 | (Vascular) 7.5 mL/min; (luminal) 0.05 mL/min | 240 min | 37°C | Modeling Salmonella enteritis | Intestinal epithelial scoring, epithelial tight junction staining, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, arterial pressure, intestinal absorption (galactose uptake), intestinal lumen fluid analysis | (Vascular) superior mesenteric artery and hepatic portal vein; (luminal) proximal and distal small intestine |
| Gagliardi, 2021 | Balb/c mice (8 weeks) | IMDM containing 20% Knockout serum replacement, 2% B-27,1% of N-2,1% L-glutamine, 1% non-essential amino acids, 1% HEPES | Not described | 95% O2; 5% CO2 | 99 μL/hr | 16 h | 37°C | Modeling celiac disease | MTT assay, unfolded protein response levels, gliadin derived peptides, intestinal permeability, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, intestinal morphology | Proximal and distal small intestine |
| Gagliardi, 2021 | Balb/c mice (13 days) | IMDM containing 20% Knockout serum replacement, 2% B-27,1% of N-2,1% L-glutamine, 1% non-essential amino acids, 1% HEPES | Not described | 95% O2; 5% CO2 | 99 μL/h | 5 h | 37°C | Modeling inflammatory bowel disease | MTT assay, unfolded protein response levels, intestinal permeability, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, intestinal morphology | Proximal and distal colon |
| Tan, 2020 | C57BL/6 mice (8–10 week old females) | (Extraluminal) modified Krebs solution; (intraluminal) Phosphate buffer solution | Not described | 95% O2; 5% CO2 | 30 μL/min | > 30 min (dependent on test) | 35°C | Studying the effects of distention and fatty acids on intestinal motility | Colonic motor complex activity, diameter of colon, intraluminal pressure and pressure amplitude, pellet expulsion monitoring | Proximal and distal colon |
| Schreiber, 2014 | Sprague-Dawley rats (adult) | (Vascular) Tyrode solution; (luminal) Tyrode solution | Not described | 95% O2; 5% CO2 | (Vascular) 3 mL/min; (luminal) 80 mL/h | > 30 min (dependent on test) | 37°C | Pharmacological testing and effects on intestinal motility | Jejunum intestinal motility, intestinal morphology | (Vascular) superior mesenteric artery and vein; (luminal) proximal and distal jejunal region |
| Incubator | ||||||||||
| Motherwell, 2019 | Wistar rats (adult males) | Culture media, 10% fetal bovine serum | Not described | 5% CO2 | 0.12 mL/min | 48 h | 37°C | Studying the effects of flow dynamics on angiogenesis | Vascular analysis (immunofluorescent imaging, diameter, velocity, shear stress, sprouting) | Main feeding artery and vein |
| Willi, 2022 | NG2DsRedBAC mice (6–12 months); C57BL/6 mice (6–12 months) | Minimum essential media, 1,5, or 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% penicillin-streptomycin | Silicone based | 5% CO2 | 1–1.5 mL/min | 48 h | 37°C | Studying viability and dynamics of intestinal vasculature | Vascular analysis (immunofluorescent imaging, density tortuosity), cell viability | Feeder artery |