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. 2025 Sep 18;2025:3698331. doi: 10.1155/da/3698331

Table 2.

Additional therapist qualifications and training risk of bias item.

Low risk of bias High risk of bias Unclear
Studies where the therapist had at least a moderate level of psychological therapy qualifications/training, for example a clinical psychologist a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) therapist a psychological wellbeing practitioner with CBT training, or in the case of the United States of America or Canada, a social worker with CBT training. Studies where the therapist had minimal psychological therapy qualifications/training, for example an undergraduate psychology student with no further training, or a healthcare professional with no previous therapeutic experience or only a few days of CBT training. Studies where the therapist qualifications and training are not reported, or the information is unclear.