Table 7.

Use of SCP as feed ingredients in different aquaculture species.

Aquaculture species	Species	Inclusion (%)	Effects	References
Pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei)	Tetraselmis suecica	0.25, 0.50, 0.75	L. vannamei showed the highest weight gain and SGR when fed a diet supplemented with 0.75% dried T. suecica.	[186]
Shrimp (P. monodon)	Schizochytrium limacinum	0.75, 1.5	0.75% inclusion level in the diet improved the immune response and intestinal health of P. monodon.	[187]
Gibel carp (C. gibelio)	Scenedesmus ovalternus	0, 4	4% inclusion level enhanced the resistance of gibel carp against A. hydrophila.	[188]
Giant freshwater prawn (M. rosenbergii)	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	0–60	Up to 60% of FM protein could be replaced with S. cerevisiae in giant freshwater prawn diets.	[189]
Nile tilapia (O. niloticus)	Rhodotorula mucilaginosa	0–1	Including R. mucilaginosa in the diet can improve growth performance, nutrient profile, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in Nile tilapia.	[190]
Pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei)	S. cerevisiae	1	1% inclusion of can enhance growth performance, boost innate immunity, and improve resistance in L. vannamei.	[191]
Pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei)	Schizochytrium sp.	0, 2, 4, 6	2% and 4% inclusion of Schizochytrium sp. improved the specific growth rate of L. vannamei.	[184]
Giant freshwater prawn (M. rosenbergii)	C. vulgaris	0, 2, 4, 6, 8	Enhanced the growth rate and survival of post larvae compared to the FM-based control diet. Additionally, it increased the total hemoglobin count and improved post-larval survival against A. hydrophila infection compared to other diets.	[192]
Nile tilapia (O. niloticus)	Schizochytrium sp.	25, 50, 75, 100	Improved weight gain, FCR, and PER were observed, particularly when fish oil was fully replaced with Schizochytrium at 100%	[193]
Giant freshwater prawn (M. rosenbergii)	Arthrospira platensis	25, 50, 75, 100	Replacement of fishmeal at 50% significantly improved growth, feed efficiency, and nutrient composition in M. rosenbergii. Digestive enzyme activity also increased, indicating 50% replacement as the optimal level.	[194]
Gourami (Trichopodus trichopterus)	S. platensis	2.5, 5, 10, 20	8.1–9.6% inclusion showed better growth performance	[195]
Pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei)	Biofloc meal	0, 7.5, 15, 30	30% inclusion showed significantly better performance in weight gain, final weight, SGR, and PER than all other treatments	[196]
Rainbow trout (O. mykiss)	A. platensis	0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10	10% inclusion level significantly increased RBC and WBC counts, along with total protein and albumin levels, in Rainbow trout	[197]
Pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei)	Dunaliella sp.	1, 2	The survival rate of L. vannamei increased with the inclusion of Dunaliella sp. in the diets	[198]
Nile tilapia (O. niloticus)	A. platensis	0.5–2	Significantly enhanced the health status of fish and boosted antioxidant function	[199]
Rainbow trout (O. mykiss)	Spirulina sp.	0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10	7.5% and 10% inclusion of Spirulina sp. significantly enhanced weight gain in rainbow trout	[200]
Common carp (C. carpio)	Nanofrustulum sp.	5–10	5%–10% inclusion of Nanofrustulum sp. in the diet of C. carpio resulted in superior growth and feed intake compared to FM	[180]
Gilthead sea bream (S. aurata)	Nannochloropsis gaditana	0.5–1	0.5%–1% inclusion of N. gaditana enhanced the immune system of S. aurata	[201]
Golden barb (P. gelius)	S. platensis	0, 5, 10, 20	20% inclusion of S. platensis significantly improved the growth rates of golden barb	[202]
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)	Nannochloropsis sp. and Isochrysis sp.	0, 15, 30	Fish fed a diet with 15% FM replacement showed improved feed intake over time	[203]
Shrimp (P. monodon)	Dunaliella salina	0.5, 1, 2	Enhanced immunity, improved antioxidant activity, and increased survival rates were observed in P. monodon, indicating its potential as a prophylactic agent against WSSV infection in shrimp	[204]