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. 2025 Sep 18;2025:9156280. doi: 10.1155/jonm/9156280

Table 1.

Participants' characteristics, personality traits, mentalization, organizational culture, and workplace bullying perpetration (N = 287).

Characteristics Categories N (%) M (SD) Skewness Kurtosis
Sex Female 270 (94.1)      
Male 17 (5.9)      

Marital status Single 181 (63.1)      
Married 106 (36.9)      

Religion No 156 (54.4)      
Yes 131 (45.6)      

Educational level 3-year college 37 (12.9)      
Bachelor's degree 225 (78.4)      
≥ Master's degree 25 (8.7)      

Age (years)     32.45 (5.40) 1.14 1.48

Total working years     7.70 (4.30) 1.33 1.63

Position Staff nurse 241 (84.0)      
Charge nurse 46 (16.0)      

Subjective health status Poor 48 (16.7)      
Good 239 (83.3)      

Antibullying education No 147 (51.2)      
Yes 140 (48.8)      

Previous workplace bullying victimization No 227 (78.1)      
Yes 60 (20.9)      

Narcissistic grandiosity     33.64 (13.16) −0.02 −0.13

Narcissistic vulnerability     40.36 (18.61) 0.20 −0.51

Perfectionistic self-presentation     84.16 (16.06) −0.02 0.65

Mentalization     87.67 (10.64) 0.36 0.14

Organizational culture     86.68 (18.52) −0.03 −0.07

Workplace bullying perpetration     38.40 (15.67) 1.07 0.34

Note: M = mean.

Abbreviation: SD = standard deviation.