Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristics of participants | All participants (n = 9204) | Intervention (n = 4223) | Control (n = 4981) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 0.248 | |||
| < 65 | 4811 (52.3) | 2235 (52.9) | 2576 (51.7) | |
| ≥ 65 | 4393 (47.7) | 1988 (47.1) | 2405 (48.3) | |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.315 | |||
| Male | 3667 (39.8) | 1706 (40.4) | 1961 (39.4) | |
| Female | 5537 (60.2) | 2517 (59.6) | 3020 (60.6) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
| Han | 8545 (92.8) | 3893 (92.2) | 4652 (93.4) | |
| Manchu | 473 (5.1) | 252 (6) | 221 (4.4) | |
| Mongolian | 158 (1.7) | 72 (1.7) | 86 (1.7) | |
| Others | 28 (0.3) | 6 (0.1) | 22 (0.4) | |
| Residential status, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Living alone or with spouse only | 5431 (59) | 2423 (57.4) | 3008 (60.4) | |
| Live with children | 3398 (36.9) | 1680 (39.8) | 1718 (34.5) | |
| Others | 375 (4.1) | 120 (2.8) | 255 (5.1) | |
| Education, n (%) | 0.528 | |||
| Not educated | 2699 (29.3) | 1214 (28.7) | 1485 (29.8) | |
| Primary school | 3161 (34.3) | 1459 (34.5) | 1702 (34.2) | |
| Middle school or higher | 3344 (36.3) | 1550 (36.7) | 1794 (36) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | 0.398 | |||
| Married/cohabiting | 7655 (83.2) | 3530 (83.6) | 4125 (82.8) | |
| Widower/widow | 1366 (14.8) | 617 (14.6) | 749 (15) | |
| Divorce/live apart/single | 183 (2) | 76 (1.8) | 107 (2.1) | |
| BMI, n (%) | 0.681 | |||
| BMI < 18.5 | 144 (1.6) | 68 (1.6) | 76 (1.5) | |
| 18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 23.9 | 2720 (29.6) | 1268 (30) | 1452 (29.2) | |
| 23.9 < BMI ≤ 27.9 | 3893 (42.3) | 1759 (41.7) | 1319 (26.5) | |
| BMI > 27.9 | 2447 (26.6) | 1128 (26.7) | 4981 (100) | |
| Cigarette smoking, n (%) | 0.891 | |||
| Never smoked | 6173 (67.1) | 2843 (67.3) | 3330 (66.9) | |
| Former smokers | 933 (10.1) | 424 (10) | 509 (10.2) | |
| Current smokers | 2098 (22.8) | 956 (22.6) | 1142 (22.9) | |
| Alcohol drinking, n (%) | 0.251 | |||
| Never drink | 6931 (75.3) | 3148 (74.5) | 3783 (75.9) | |
| Former drinker | 657 (7.1) | 317 (7.5) | 340 (6.8) | |
| Current drinker | 1616 (17.6) | 758 (17.9) | 858 (17.2) | |
| Personal salt intake(g/month), (mean ± SD) | 236.16 ± 132.12 | 236.25 ± 133.75 | 236.08 ± 130.67 | 0.956 |
| History of major cardiovascular disease∗, n (%) | 0.626 | |||
| No | 7248 (78.7) | 3316 (78.5) | 3932 (78.9) | |
| Yes | 1956 (21.3) | 907 (21.5) | 1049 (21.1) | |
| History of hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 0.127 | |||
| No | 7788 (84.6) | 3547 (84.0) | 4241 (85.1) | |
| Yes | 1416 (15.4) | 676 (16.0) | 740 (14.9) | |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 0.558 | |||
| No | 8246 (89.6) | 3792 (89.8) | 4454 (89.4) | |
| Yes | 958 (10.4) | 431 (10.2) | 527 (10.6) | |
| History of chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 0.156 | |||
| No | 9142 (99.3) | 4189 (99.2) | 4953 (99.4) | |
| Yes | 62 (0.7) | 34 (0.8) | 28 (0.6) | |
| Numbers of antihypertensive drugs taken daily, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| 0 | 2939 (31.9) | 1184 (28) | 1755 (35.2) | |
| 1 | 5209 (56.6) | 2504 (59.3) | 2705 (54.3) | |
| 2 | 938 (10.2) | 481 (11.4) | 457 (9.2) | |
| ≥ 3 | 118 (1.3) | 54 (1.3) | 64 (1.3) | |
| Monthly expenditure on hypertension(CNY), (mean ± SD) | 37.29 ± 51.51 | 38.96 ± 56.4 | 35.72 ± 46.39 | 0.017 |
∗Major cardiovascular disease includes hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure.