Table 1.

Local and international guidance for assessing internal exposure to dusts containing naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM).

Agency	Key documents identified [and content]	Reference
DEMIRSa	NORM-3.4 Monitoring NORM—airborne radioactivity sampling. [Provides methodology for sampling and analysis, including statistical treatment of results.]	GWA 2010
DEMIRSa	NORM-5 Dose assessment. [Provides methodology for assessing dose from NORM intakes.]	GWA 2023
DEMIRSa	Preparation of a health and hygiene management plan—guide. [Broad guidance on good OH practice.]	GWA 2018
Standards Australia	AS 3640: method for sampling and gravimetric determination of inhalable dust. [Recommends sample heads for collecting inhalable dust.]	Standards Australia 2009
ICRPb	Occupational intakes of radionuclides: Part 1 (ICRP Publication 130). [Comprehensive overview of monitoring and assessing the intake of radionuclides; describes the biokinetic and dosimetric models used to convert inhalation intake to dose.]	ICRP 2015
ICRPb	Radiological protection from naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in industrial processes. ICRP Publication 142. [Broad guidance]	ICRP 2019
IAEAc	Occupational radiation protection in the mining and processing of raw materials. RSG-1.6. [Broad guidance.]	IAEA 2004
IAEAc	Radiation protection and NORM residue management in the production of rare earths from thorium-containing minerals. SRS-68. [Specific to rare earths, mineral sands.]	IAEA 2011
IAEAc	Occupational radiation protection. GSG-7. [Recommends internal dose monitoring protocols.]	IAEA 2018

^aWestern Australian Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety (www.commerce.wa.gov.au/worksafe).

^bInternational Commission on Radiological Protection (www.icrp.org/).

^cInternational Atomic Energy Agency (www.iaea.org/).