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. 2025 Aug 5;69(8):820–831. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxaf043

Table 2.

Particle size measurements on workers in Western Australian mineral treatment plants and surface mining operations.a

Mineral sector Work Activity Test year No. tests MMADb (AMAD), µm GSDc
Mineral sandsd Dry plant operators 1993 49 (15.7) 2.9
Mineral sandse Dry plant operators 1995 25 18.0 2.1
Mineral sandsf Monazite plant operators 1995 5 (14.0) 3.0
Mineral sandsg Dry plant operators 1997 3 17.7 2.3
Nickelg Surface mine workers 1997 8 18.6 2.2
Industrial mineralsg Dry plant operators 1997 12 21.3 2.0
Bauxite/ aluminag Refinery operators 1997 8 22.5 1.6
Iron oreg Surface mine workers 1997 27 16.3 2.3

aMarple 298 personal cascade impactor was used to determine median particle size in all tests listed.

bMMAD—Mass median aerodynamic diameter. AMAD = activity median aerodynamic diameter. AMADs determined via alpha particle counting of impactor plates.

cGSD—Geometric standard deviation.

dData from Koperski (1993); reported as AMAD.

eThe raw data from 25 tests were directly provided to one of the authors by the company.

fData from measurements on five consecutive days; reported as AMAD (Terry et al. 1995).

gData extracted from a mining industry research study (Terry et al. 1998).