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. 2025 Sep 12;15:1673676. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1673676

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Copyright © 2025 Sun, Li, Zhu, Sun and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Four violin plots display data distributions. Top graphs use the VAS scale ranging from zero to ten, while bottom graphs use the ECOG scale from zero to five. Categories are labeled a to e. — (A) Comparison of VAS scores before and after 125I-PCA. (B) Comparison of VAS scores before and after PCA. (C) Comparison of ECOG scores before and after 125I-PCA. (D) Comparison of ECOG scores before and after PCA. (a: preoperative; b: Postoperative 1 week; c: Postoperative 1 month; d: Postoperative 3 months; e: Postoperative 6 months).