Table 4.
Subgroup analysis and meta-regression of the association between red meat consumption and the risk of development of ulcerative colitis.
| Subgroup | N | Heterogeneity test | Estimate | Meta regression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I2 | p | RR (95%CI) | p | |||
| Study design | 0.457 | |||||
| Cohort study | 6 | 89.00% | <0.001 | 1.242 (1.026, 1.504) | 0.026 | |
| Case control study | 7 | 99.90% | <0.001 | 1.712 (1.220, 2.403) | 0.002 | |
| Dietary characteristics | 0.845 | |||||
| Western-style diet | 7 | 89.20% | <0.001 | 1.256 (1.071, 1.473) | 0.005 | |
| Eastern-style diet | 6 | 99.30% | <0.001 | 1.221 (0.783, 1.903) | 0.379 | |
| Meat type | 0.377 | |||||
| Meat | 5 | 59.90% | 0.041 | 1.268 (0.922, 1.744) | 0.144 | |
| Red meat | 7 | 99% | <0.001 | 1.213 (1.012, 1.455) | 0.037 | |
| Eating pork as a child | 1 | / | / | 2.620 (1.367, 5.020) | 0.004 | |
| Dietary assessment tool | 0.623 | |||||
| T1 | 5 | 10.30% | 0.347 | 1.501 (1.160, 1.941) | 0.002 | |
| T2 | 4 | 77.40% | 0.004 | 1.134 (0.875, 1.470) | 0.34 | |
| T3 | 2 | 78.80% | 0.03 | 1.007 (0.872, 1.162) | 0.927 | |
| T4 | 1 | / | / | 2.620 (1.367, 5.020) | 0.004 | |
| T5 | 1 | / | / | 1.300 (0.581, 2.907) | 0.025 | |
| Outcome measurement | 0.052 | |||||
| A | 9 | 97.60% | <0.001 | 1.500 (1.160, 1.941) | 0.002 | |
| B | 4 | 0.00% | 0.449 | 1.134 (0.879, 1.462) | 0.334 | |
| Adjusted factors | ||||||
| Geographical region | 0.945 | |||||
| Yes | 3 | 0% | 0.787 | 1.101 (0.728, 1.664) | 0.648 | |
| No | 10 | 99.20% | <0.001 | 1.266 (1.026, 1.563) | 0.028 | |
| Family history of IBD | 0.562 | |||||
| Yes | 2 | 1.10% | 0.315 | 0.991 (0.919, 1.068) | 0.809 | |
| No | 11 | 99.20% | <0.001 | 1.300 (1.035, 1.634) | 0.024 | |
| Physical activity | 0.034 | |||||
| Yes | 6 | 99.50% | <0.001 | 1.255 (1.070, 1.473) | 0.005 | |
| No | 7 | 44.40% | 0.095 | 1.222 (0.785, 1.904) | 0.374 | |
N, number; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; RR, inrelative risk; T1, country-specific validated food frequency questionnaires; T2, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires; T3, food frequency questionnaires; T4, questionnaire about childhood dietary patterns; T5, self-administered questionnaire; A, self-reported questionnaire; B, individual interviews or self-reported questionnaire.