Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants.
| Baseline Characteristics | Q1 (n=390) | Q2 (n=390) | Q3 (n=390) | Q4 (n=390) | χ²/F/H | P ## |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)* | 63.63 ± 11.11 | 61.21 ± 10.50 | 57.96 ± 11.53 | 54.88 ± 11.99 | 44.507 | <0.001a |
| Male** | 257 (65.90) | 252 (64.62) | 253 (64.87) | 266 (68.21) | 1.392 | 0.707 |
| Current Smoking** | 79 (20.26) | 85 (21.79) | 83 (21.28) | 105 (26.92) | 5.929 | 0.115 |
| Current Drinking** | 78 (20.00) | 76 (19.49) | 90 (23.08) | 105 (26.92) | 7.895 | 0.048 |
| DBP (mmHg)* | 71.46 ± 9.98 | 72.33 ± 9.65 | 72.53 ± 10.22 | 73.22 ± 11.25 | 1.774 | 0.15 |
| SBP (mmHg)* | 126.83 ± 12.99 | 127.02 ± 12.90 | 126.73 ± 12.26 | 126.98 ± 13.57 | 0.041 | 0.989 |
| BMI (kg/m²)# | 23.5 (21.6,25.6) | 24.6 (22.3,26.6) | 25.4 (23.4,27.5) | 26.5 (23.8,28.9) | 145.637 | <0.001a |
| TG (mmol/L)# | 0.94 (0.76,1.11) | 1.41 (1.19,1.66) | 1.98 (1.68,2.41) | 3.67 (2.62,5.46) | 1122.488 | <0.001a |
| TC (mmol/L)# | 4.32 (3.58,4.96) | 4.60 (3.84,5.27) | 4.9 (4.23,5.61) | 5.24 (4.48,6.03) | 145.868 | <0.001a |
| HDL-C (mmol/L)# | 1.39 (1.16,1.67) | 1.29 (1.08,1.54) | 1.21 (1.03,1.45) | 1.07 (0.87,1.23) | 221.978 | <0.001b |
| LDL-C (mmol/L)* | 2.36 ± 0.82 | 2.64 ± 0.81 | 2.80 ± 0.80 | 2.81 ± 0.90 | 24.348 | <0.001c |
| FPG (mmol/L)# | 6.30 (5.35,7.26) | 7.67 (6.61,8.86) | 8.71 (7.45,10.44) | 11.22 (8.72,15.11) | 610.387 | <0.001a |
| MS** | 23 (5.89) | 72 (18.26) | 175 (44.87) | 239 (61.28) | 334.638 | <0.001d |
| Overweight or Obesity** | 122 (31.28) | 182 (46.47) | 213 (54.62) | 250 (64.10) | 90.33 | <0.001e |
| Hypertension** | 109 (27.95) | 107 (27.44) | 100 (25.64) | 113 (28.97) | 1.141 | 0.767 |
| Dyslipidemia** | 79 (20.26) | 79 (20.26) | 97 (24.87) | 131 (33.60) | 24.827 | <0.001f |
*Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation; **Data in parentheses are rates (%), and data outside parentheses are counts; #Data outside parentheses are medians, and data inside parentheses are P25 and P75.
##Adjusted for multiple testing correction using the Bonferroni method.
aPairwise comparisons among all four groups showed statistically significant differences, P < 0.05;
bNo significant difference was observed between the Q2 and Q3 groups, while significant differences existed in all other pairwise comparisons, P < 0.05;
cNo significant difference was found between the third and fourth groups, whereas all other pairwise comparisons showed significant differences, P < 0.05;
dNo statistically significant differences in MS rates were observed among the groups;
eSignificant differences existed between Q2 and the other three groups, P < 0.05, with no differences among the remaining groups;
fSignificant differences existed between Q4 and the other three groups, P < 0.05, with no differences among the remaining groups.