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. 2025 Sep 12;16:1655120. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1655120

Table 2.

Reliability and validity analysis of scale.

Construct Item Factor loading CA CR AVE
Perceived Value (PV) The environment of the temple was good. 0.748 0.961 0.964 0.561
The temple had well-developed infrastructure. 0.734
The temple staff patiently answered my questions. 0.759
The price of the city where the temple locates was reasonable 0.762
Transportation to the temple was convenient and affordable. 0.769
Spending at temples (meals, cultural creations, etc.) was reasonable. 0.802
I was comfortable with this religious tourism. 0.722
I felt relaxed in religious tourism. 0.733
This religious tourism gave me positive feelings. 0.751
This religious tourism helped me feel acceptable. 0.766
This religious tourism improved the way people perceived me. 0.749
This religious tourism helped me to know more people. 0.724
This religious tourism increased my religious knowledge. 0.75
This religious tourism broadened my horizons. 0.763
This religious tourism helped to form good manners in my daily life. 0.744
Temples offered rich religious landscapes and architecture. 0.726
Temples offered vegetarian diets. 0.729
Temples provided the incense needed for worship. 0.77
Temples offered the opportunity to experience religious culture and atmosphere. 0.742
Temples offered multimedia events with religious themes. 0.76
Temples offered religious-themed programs. 0.726
Awe (AW) In the temple, I felt bored-excited. 0.928 0.945 0.961 0.859
In the temple, I felt usual-unusual. 0.931
In the temple, I felt unexpected-expected. 0.926
In the temple, I felt arrogant-humbling. 0.923
Subjective well-being (SW) The experience of temple visiting made me feel delighted involuntarily. 0.916 0.953 0.964 0.842
During my visit to temple, I felt like I was in high spirits and full of vigor. 0.923
I felt like my travel was satisfactory and festive. 0.91
This temple visiting experience helped me have warm, satisfying, and trustful relationships with others. 0.925
This temple visiting experience helped me become self-determining and independent. 0.913
Religiosity (RE) My religiosity is very important to me. 0.925 0.956 0.966 0.850
My religion or faith is an important part of my identity. 0.922
If someone wants to understand who I am as a person, my religion or faith would be very important in knowing that. 0.921
I believe strongly in the teachings of my religion or faith. 0.919
I consider myself a religious person. 0.924
Donation intention (DI) I intend to donate resources (financial or in-kind) to the temple in the future. 0.908 0.940 0.957 0.848
I plan to donate resources (financial or in-kind) to the temple in the near future. 0.931
I am willing to contribute by donating resources (financial or in-kind) to the temple. 0.916
I am committed to donating resources (financial or in-kind) to the temple. 0.928

CA, Cronbach's Alpha; CR, Composite Reliability; AVE, Average Variance Extracted.