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. 2025 Sep 25;15:32865. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-18241-1

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© The Author(s) 2025

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Fig. 5 — Quality control and quality assurance. (A-B) Total ion chromatogram. The horizontal coordinate is the retention time, the vertical coordinate is the ion intensity. The upper right corner of the graph represents the maximum ion intensity of each sample, and different colors represent different groups. (C-D) PCA score graph of QC samples. The red dots represent the QC samples, and the green dots are the samples. (E-F) Relative standard deviation (RSD) distribution graph. The left vertical coordinate represents the proportion of the percentage of the total samples, the right vertical coordinate represents the specific number of samples. The horizontal coordinates are the range of RSD values. A, C, E are positive ion modes; B, D, F are negative ion modes.