Table 5.

Training parameter baseline.

Parameter	Setting
Input size	640 × 640 px (RGB)
Batch size	64
Epochs	100
Optimizer	SGD (Momentum 0.9, Weight Decay 5e-4)
Learning rate schedule	Cosine Decay: 0.01 → 1e-5
Early stopping	Stop if validation mAP@0.5 shows no improvement for 15 epochs