Table 2.
Health service utilization costs and effectiveness during the within-trial period.
| Category | Intervention, mean (SD)a | Control, mean(SD)a | Mean difference (95% CI) | |||||
| Health service utilization costs ($)b | ||||||||
|
|
Outpatient visit (excluding medication costs, per participant) | 45.5 | 45.5 | 0 | ||||
|
|
All causes of inpatient visit (per participant)c | 218.3 | 254.5 | –2.4 (–107.3 to 172.1) | ||||
|
|
Medication costs (individual adherence discounted)d | |||||||
|
|
|
Antiplatelet | 11.0 | 8.9 | 2.11 (1.27 to 2.98) | |||
|
|
|
Statin | 3.2 | 3.1 | 0.09 (–0.67 to 0.50) | |||
|
|
|
Antihypertensive medicines | 23.1 | 20.3 | 2.99 (0.71 to 5.27) | |||
|
|
Average total costse | 236.5 | 213.1 | 23.3 (–115.5 to 162.0) | ||||
| Effectiveness | ||||||||
|
|
Change in systolic blood pressure (mmHg)f | –7.1 (0.6) | –4.3 (0.7) | –2.8 (–4.7 to –1.0) | ||||
|
|
Change in health-related quality of life scoref | 0.01 (0.01) | –0.06 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.04 to 0.08) | ||||
|
|
Average quality-adjusted life years gained | 0.81 (0.19) | 0.79 (0.20) | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) | ||||
aCost values represent mean costs per participant calculated from aggregated data, not individual-level distributions; therefore, SDs are not reported.
bHealth service utilization costs are reported as total costs per participant.
cInpatient costs represent the mean total costs among participants who had at least one hospitalization.
dMedication costs represent the mean total costs among participants who used medication.
eThe total cost reflects the mean cost per participant across the entire study population, including those without any hospitalization or medication use.
fChange represents the difference from baseline to 1-year follow-up within the trial period.