Table 4.
Correlations and comparisons of parameters by MVI and histologic groups
| Parameters | MVI status† | Edmondson-Steiner grades† | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MVI negative (N = 54) |
MVI positive (N = 23) |
P | Low-grade (N = 50) |
High-grade (N = 27) |
P | |||
| ADC | ||||||||
|
CON-DWI‡ SMS-DWI‡ |
1.22 ± 0.24 1.17 ± 0.20 |
1.07 ± 0.18 1.04 ± 0.12 |
0.013 * < 0.001 ** |
1.23 ± 0.25 1.18 ± 0.21 |
1.08 ± 0.18 1.04 ± 0.11 |
0.006 ** < 0.001 ** |
||
| D | ||||||||
|
CON-DWI† SMS-DWI† |
1.07 ± 0.13 1.07 ± 0.13 |
0.89 ± 0.11 0.88 ± 0.11 |
< 0.001 ** < 0.001 ** |
1.07 ± 0.14 1.07 ± 0.13 |
0.92 ± 0.12 0.91 ± 0.12 |
< 0.001 ** < 0.001 ** |
||
| D* | ||||||||
|
CON-DWI‡ SMS-DWI‡ |
25.64 ± 6.30 25.96 ± 6.23 |
22.47 ± 4.72 22.54 ± 4.39 |
0.033 * 0.019 * |
26.10 ± 5.55 26.50 ± 5.32 |
22.24 ± 6.13 22.20 ± 6.03 |
0.006 ** 0.002 ** |
||
| f | ||||||||
|
CON-DWI‡ SMS-DWI‡ |
29.83 ± 4.61 26.77 ± 4.21 |
31.14 ± 4.04 27.75 ± 3.40 |
0.241 0.323 |
30.18 ± 4.49 26.93 ± 3.94 |
30.30 ± 4.45 27.30 ± 4.12 |
0.912 0.696 |
||
| MK | ||||||||
|
CON-DWI† SMS-DWI† |
0.75 ± 0.11 0.76 ± 0.10 |
0.94 ± 0.09 0.95 ± 0.08 |
< 0.001 ** < 0.001 ** |
0.75 ± 0.12 0.76 ± 0.11 |
0.91 ± 0.11 0.91 ± 0.12 |
< 0.001 ** < 0.001 ** |
||
| MD | ||||||||
|
CON-DWI‡ SMS-DWI‡ |
1.71 ± 0.21 1.72 ± 0.23 |
1.40 ± 0.13 1.40 ± 0.13 |
< 0.001 ** < 0.001 ** |
1.72 ± 0.20 1.72 ± 0.20 |
1.43 ± 0.17 1.44 ± 0.23 |
< 0.001 ** < 0.001 ** |
||
ADC, D, MD, and D* are measured in × 10⁻³ mm²/s. f represents the perfusion fraction expressed as a percentage. Tumors with Edmondson-Steiner grade I and II were classified into the low-grade group, and grade III was classified into the high-grade group. †, independent-sample t test; ‡, Mann-Whitney U test; *, P-value < 0.05; **, P-value < 0.01. MVI, microvascular invasion; ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; D, true diffusion coefficient; D*, perfusion-related diffusion; f, perfusion fraction; MK, mean kurtosis; MD, mean diffusivity