Table 4.

Secondary, primary, and core themes of values internalization motivation

Core Themes	Primary Themes	Secondary Themes	Reference
Values internalization motivations	Internal motivations	Achieving positive outcomes	35
		Avoiding negative outcomes	31
		Pursuit of achievement	13
		Cognitive development	12
		Avoiding negative emotion	11
		Role transitions	6
		Experiencing positive emotion	5
		Growth with age	2
	External motivations	Significant life events	15
		Peer behavior	11
		Maintaining relationships with others	7
		Changes of environments	7
		School education and supervision	6
		Family education and supervision	6
		Social approval	2
		Media influence	2
		Total reference:	171