Table 1.
Characteristics of participants according to IBD status and subtype in the cross-sectional study
| Non-IBD | IBD | CD | UC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 475895) | (n = 5573) | (n = 1803) | (n = 3750) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 56.57 (8.08) | 57.31 (7.9) | 56.69 (8.06) | 57.61 (7.81) |
| Genetic sex, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 258383 (54.3) | 2903 (52.1) | 998 (55.4) | 1895 (50.5) |
| Male | 217512 (45.7) | 2670 (47.9) | 805 (44.6) | 1855 (49.5) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| White | 448558 (94.3) | 5334 (95.7) | 1725 (95.7) | 3589 (95.7) |
| Others | 26849 (5.6) | 233 (4.2) | 76 (4.2) | 157 (4.2) |
| Unknown | 488 (0.1) | 6 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 4 (0.1) |
| Education levels, n (%) | ||||
| College or university | 154180 (32.4) | 1557 (27.9) | 467 (25.9) | 1086 (29) |
| Others | 321223 (67.5) | 4010 (72.0) | 1334 (74) | 2660 (70.9) |
| Unknown | 492 (0.1) | 6 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 4 (0.1) |
| Townsend deprivation index, mean (SD) | −1.3 (3.09) | −1.26 (3.08) | −1.08 (3.19) | −1.35 (3.03) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 27.44 (4.8) | 27.15 (4.68) | 26.84 (4.8) | 27.3 (4.61) |
| Diet Score, mean (SD) | 49.57 (14.91) | 46.82 (15.4) | 44.76 (15.83) | 47.82 (15.1) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD) | 0.22 (0.7) | 0.36 (0.92) | 0.38 (0.95) | 0.38 (0.96) |
| IPAQ activity, n (%) | ||||
| High | 150314 (31.6) | 1629 (29.2) | 503 (27.9) | 1120 (29.9) |
| Moderate | 149592 (31.4) | 1674 (30) | 519 (28.8) | 1151 (30.7) |
| Low | 68027 (14.3) | 907 (16.3) | 319 (17.7) | 586 (15.6) |
| Unknown | 107962 (22.7) | 1363 (24.5) | 462 (25.6) | 893 (23.8) |
| Alcohol, n (%) | ||||
| Daily or almost daily | 96867 (20.4) | 1028 (18.4) | 285 (15.8) | 741 (19.8) |
| Three or four times a week | 109971 (23.1) | 1185 (21.3) | 356 (19.7) | 820 (21.9) |
| One to four times a week | 122608 (25.8) | 1389 (24.9) | 449 (24.9) | 939 (25) |
| One to three times a month | 52814 (11.1) | 663 (11.9) | 234 (13) | 427 (11.4) |
| Never or special occasions only | 92590 (19.5) | 1297 (23.3) | 476 (26.4) | 815 (21.7) |
| Unknown | 1045 (0.2) | 11 (0.2) | 3 (0.2) | 8 (0.2) |
| Smoking, n (%) | ||||
| Ever | 282980 (59.5) | 3584 (64.3) | 1186 (65.8) | 2385 (63.6) |
| Never | 190538 (40) | 1967 (35.3) | 610 (33.8) | 1350 (36) |
| Not know | 2377 (0.5) | 22 (0.4) | 7 (0.4) | 15 (0.4) |
| Water hardness (USGS), n (%) | ||||
| 0–60 | 169376 (35.6) | 2163 (38.8) | 695 (38.5) | 1459 (38.9) |
| 60–120 | 94420 (19.9) | 1115 (20) | 347 (19.2) | 762 (20.3) |
| 120–180 | 28236 (5.9) | 342 (6.1) | 107 (5.9) | 232 (6.2) |
| > 180 | 183530 (38.6) | 1951 (35) | 654 (36.3) | 1295 (34.6) |
| Water hardness (WHO), n (%) | ||||
| < 200 | 294657 (62) | 3655 (65.6) | 1163 (64.5) | 2474 (66) |
| ≥ 200 | 180905 (38) | 1916 (34.4) | 640 (35.5) | 1274 (34) |
| CaCO3 concentration, mean (SD) | 146.19 (114.98) | 136.69 (112.12) | 137.64 (113.03) | 135.7 (111.71) |
| Ca concentration, mean (SD) | 51.3 (40.03) | 48.28 (39.15) | 47.99 (39.22) | 48.45 (39.21) |
| Mg concentration, mean (SD) | 4.6 (3.76) | 4.57 (3.8) | 4.55 (3.72) | 4.57 (3.81) |
Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, IPAQ International Physical Activity Questionnaire, USGS United States Geological Survey, WHO World Health Organization