Table 4.
Characteristics of participants according to IBD status and subtype in the cohort study
| Non-IBD | IBD | CD | UC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 472683) | (n = 3212) | (n = 1035) | (n = 2166) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 56.56 (8.08) | 57.27 (8.01) | 56.97 (8.25) | 57.42 (7.88) |
| Genetic sex, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 256779 (54.3) | 1598 (49.9) | 561 (54.2) | 1037 (47.9) |
| Male | 215904 (45.7) | 1603 (50.1) | 474 (45.8) | 1129 (52.1) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| White | 445543 (94.3) | 3005 (93.9) | 976 (94.3) | 2029 (93.7) |
| Others | 26656 (5.6) | 192 (6) | 58 (5.6) | 134 (6.2) |
| Unknown | 484 (0.1) | 4 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) |
| Education levels, n (%) | ||||
| College or university | 153372 (32.4) | 807 (25.2) | 266 (25.7) | 541 (25) |
| Others | 318823 (67.4) | 2390 (74.7) | 768 (74.2) | 1622 (74.9) |
| Unknown | 488 (0.1) | 4 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) |
| Townsend deprivation index, mean (SD) | −1.31 (3.09) | −0.89 (3.25) | −0.71 (3.26) | −0.97 (3.25) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 27.43 (4.8) | 27.98 (5.06) | 28.08 (5.22) | 27.93 (4.97) |
| Diet Score, mean (SD) | 49.59 (14.91) | 47.89 (15.27) | 47.18 (15.22) | 48.22 (15.29) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD) | 0.22 (0.73) | 0.33 (0.86) | 0.33 (0.81) | 0.34 (0.89) |
| IPAQ activity, n (%) | ||||
| High | 149363 (31.6) | 947 (29.6) | 287 (27.7) | 660 (30.5) |
| Moderate | 148657 (31.4) | 931 (29.1) | 320 (30.9) | 611 (28.2) |
| Low | 67547 (14.3) | 479 (15) | 156 (15.1) | 323 (14.9) |
| Unknown | 107116 (22.7) | 844 (26.4) | 272 (26.3) | 572 (26.4) |
| Alcohol, n (%) | ||||
| Daily or almost daily | 96205 (20.4) | 661 (20.6) | 200 (19.3) | 461 (21.3) |
| Three or four times a week | 109344 (23.1) | 625 (19.5) | 195 (18.8) | 430 (19.9) |
| One to four times a week | 121809 (25.8) | 794 (24.8) | 242 (23.4) | 552 (25.5) |
| One to three times a month | 52468 (11.1) | 346 (10.8) | 120 (11.6) | 226 (10.4) |
| Never or special occasions only | 91821 (19.4) | 766 (23.9) | 276 (26.7) | 490 (22.6) |
| Unknown | 1036 (0.2) | 9 (0.3) | 2 (0.2) | 7 (0.3) |
| Smoking, n (%) | ||||
| Ever | 280777 (59.4) | 2194 (68.5) | 705 (68.1) | 1489 (68.7) |
| Never | 189545 (40.1) | 991 (31) | 328 (31.7) | 663 (30.6) |
| Unknown | 2361 (0.5) | 16 (0.5) | 2 (0.2) | 14 (0.6) |
| Water hardness (USGS), n (%) | ||||
| 0–60 | 168183 (35.6) | 1191 (37.2) | 415 (40.2) | 776 (35.8) |
| 60–120 | 93755 (19.8) | 661 (20.7) | 206 (19.9) | 455 (21) |
| 120–180 | 28052 (5.9) | 183 (5.7) | 37 (3.6) | 146 (6.7) |
| > 180 | 182363 (38.6) | 1163 (36.4) | 375 (36.3) | 788 (36.4) |
| Water hardness (WHO), n (%) | ||||
| < 200 | 292598 (61.9) | 2052 (64.2) | 664 (64.3) | 1388 (64.1) |
| ≥ 200 | 179755 (38.1) | 1146 (35.8) | 369 (35.7) | 777 (35.9) |
| CaCO3 concentration, mean (SD) | 145.68 (115.08) | 139.8 (112.89) | 137 (113.74) | 141.09 (112.48) |
| Ca concentration, mean (SD) | 51.1 (40.08) | 51.02 (40.32) | 49.33 (40.09) | 51.79 (40.42) |
| Mg concentration, mean (SD) | 4.58 (3.76) | 4.46 (3.45) | 4.35 (3.32) | 4.51 (3.52) |
Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, IPAQ International Physical Activity Questionnaire, USGS United States Geological Survey, WHO World Health Organization