Table 2.
Meta-analysis on the molecular prevalence of Rickettsiales detected from ectoparasites of small mammals in Africa
| Pathogen | Ecto. type | No. of datasets | No. of ecto. tested | No. of ecto. +Ve | Pooled prevalence (%) | 95% CI (%) | 95% PI (%) | T2(SE) | Q | I2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anaplasmacea family | Alla | 8 | 345 | 92 | 18.66 | 5.53–47.34 | 0.51–91.11 | 3.27 (2.60) | < 0.0001 | 92 |
| Anaplasmacea family | Ticks | 5 | 259 | 80 | 25.43 | 4.57–70.84 | 0.35–97.07 | 4.45 (4.38) | < 0.01 | 94 |
| Anaplasmacea family | Fleas | 3 | 86 | 12 | 9.81 | 0.87–57.27 | 0.095–92.58 | 4.21 (5.11) | < 0.01 | 87 |
| Rickettsiacea family | Allb | 74 | 5425 | 1194 | 17.65 | 12.41–24.48 | 0.79–85.18 | 2.77(0.74) | < 0.0001 | 94.42 |
| Rickettsiacea family | Ticks | 26 | 1082 | 214 | 23.25 | 15.32–33.65 | 3.57–71.25 | 1.08 (0.62) | < 0.0001 | 82.33 |
| Rickettsiacea family | Fleas | 43 | 4524 | 930 | 15.89 | 9.28–25.88 | 0.41–89.78 | 3.74 (1.24) | < 0.0001 | 96.14 |
| Rickettsiacea family | Lice | 5 | 460 | 44 | 9.69 | 6.04–15.19 | 3.92–22.02 | 0.18 (0.23) | 0.06 | 55.57 |
| Rickettsia spp. | Alla | 16 | 1198 | 357 | 19.14 | 9.54–34.69 | 0.96–85.29 | 2.49 (1.43) | < 0.0001 | 95.02 |
| Rickettsia spp. | Ticks | 8 | 490 | 115 | 27.31 | 14.51–45.34 | 4.9-73.24 | 0.86 (0.8) | < 0.01 | 85.81 |
| Rickettsia spp. | Fleas | 8 | 708 | 242 | 12.98 | 3.51–37.99 | 0.18–92.53 | 4.56(3.49) | < 0.01 | 96.73 |
| Rickettsia massiliae | Alla | 8 | 296 | 25 | 21.57 | 6.15–53.59 | 0.66–91.97 | 3.08 (2.75) | < 0.0001 | 82.85 |
| Rickettsia massiliae | Ticks | 7 | 205 | 24 | 30.55 | 8.96–66.29 | 1.14–94.37 | 2.86 (2.79) | < 0.01 | 82.18 |
| Rickettsia felis | Alla | 18 | 1252 | 483 | 20.45 | 8.34–42.08 | 0.34–95.1 | 4.58 (2.26) | < 0.0001 | 95.73 |
| Rickettsia felis | Fleas | 17 | 1241 | 472 | 21.68 | 8.67–44.68 | 0.36–95.46 | 4.58 (2.34) | < 0.0001 | 95.78 |
| Rickettsia africae | Allb | 14 | 1041 | 142 | 14.17 | 9.69–20.26 | 4.5-36.66 | 0.36 (0.25) | < 0.0001 | 69.84 |
| Rickettsia africae | Ticks | 6 | 238 | 63 | 41.53 | 13.53–76.33 | 2.22–95.68 | 2.49 (2.56) | < 0.01 | 79.29 |
| Rickettsia africae | Fleas | 4 | 389 | 36 | 10.29 | 6.88–15.12 | 5.84–17.50 | 0.05 (0.18) | 0.28 | 21.9 |
| Rickettsia africae | Lice | 4 | 414 | 43 | 10.63 | 6.92–15.99 | 4.98–21.25 | 0.12 (0.19) | 0.1 | 51.64 |
| Rickettsia typhi | Fleas | 10 | 1281 | 85 | 8.23 | 3.47–18.28 | 0.58–57.88 | 1.72 (1.21) | < 0.0001 | 90.6 |
Alla combined ectoparasites types for both ticks and fleas, Allb combined ectoparasite types for both ticks, fleas and lice