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. 2025 Sep 26;25:649. doi: 10.1186/s12876-025-04223-0

Table 4.

Associations of the Urinary Lead and all-cause mortality in H. pylori positive and negative infected participants

Variables Model 0 Model 1a Model 2b
HR (95%CI) in H. pylori positive
 Continuous variable 0.82(0.63,1.06) 0.77(0.58,1.02) 0.75(0.52,1.07)
 Q1 ref ref ref
 Q2 0.82(0.40,1.71) 0.85(0.30,2.39) 1.30(0.56,3.02)
 Q3 0.69(0.24,1.98) 0.84(0.19,3.69) 2.06(0.84,5.05)
 Q4 0.56(0.23,1.40) 0.64(0.19,2.17) 0.77(0.23,2.56)
HR (95%CI) in H. pylori negative
 Continuous variable 1.233(1.052,1.446) * 1.045(0.842,1.297) 1.127(0.925, 1.374)
 Q1 ref ref ref
 Q2 1.32(0.57,3.09) 0.79(0.11,5.56) 1.45(0.32, 6.48)
 Q3 1.50(0.82,2.76) 0.62(0.11,3.39) 1.06(0.27, 4.20)
 Q4 1.67(0.91,3.08) 0.73(0.15,3.56) 1.10(0.32, 3.73)

aModel 1 adjusted for age, sex, races and education

bModel 2 adjusted for age, sex, waist, poverty, races, education, HbA1c, alcohol drink, HDL, TG, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, urinary creatinine, urinary Thallium and urinary Tungsten

*P < 0.05