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. 2025 Sep 26;25:649. doi: 10.1186/s12876-025-04223-0

Table 5.

Associations of the urinary thallium and all-cause mortality in H. pylori positive and negative infected participants

Variables Model 0 Model 1a Model 2b
HR (95%CI) in H. pylori positive
 Continuous variable 0.011(0.001,0.088) *** 0.046(0.004,0.580) * 0.165(0.007,3.851)
 Q1 ref ref ref
 Q2 0.526(0.254,1.093) 0.640(0.214,1.911) 0.714(0.362, 1.408)
 Q3 0.448(0.140,1.437) 0.636(0.177,2.284) 0.835(0.228, 3.059)
 Q4 0.209(0.100,0.435) *** 0.302(0.121,0.752) * 0.471(0.161, 1.381)
HR (95%CI) in H. pylori negative
 Continuous variable 0.108(0.020,0.580) * 0.130(0.004,4.096) 0.144(0.005, 4.332)
 Q1 ref ref ref
 Q2 1.140(0.574,2.263) 0.830(0.452,1.525) 0.712(0.434, 1.166)
 Q3 0.536(0.292,0.986) * 0.378(0.103,1.383) 0.348(0.087, 1.390)
 Q4 0.460(0.235,0.902) * 0.515(0.146,1.821) 0.537(0.180, 1.603)

aModel 1 adjusted for age, sex, races and education

bModel 2 adjusted for age, sex, waist, poverty, races, education, HbA1c, alcohol drink, HDL, TG, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, urinary creatinine, urinary Lead and urinary Tungsten

*P < 0.05

***P < 0.001