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. 2025 Aug 26;14(9):1050. doi: 10.3390/antiox14091050
PM2.5 Particulate Matter 2.5
GLUT1 Glucose Transporter 1
SVCT2 Sodium-Dependent Vitamin C Transporter 2
FA Filtered Air
NFA Non-Filtered Air
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
OS Oxidative Stress
RNS Reactive Nitrogen Species
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
AA Ascorbic Acid
DHA Dehydroascorbic Acid
WHO World Health Organization
HIF-1α Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha
CT Cytotrophoblast
ST Syncytiotrophoblast
ECs Endothelial Cells
WGA Wheat Germ Agglutinin
DAPI 4′,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole
FOV Field of View
MERV8 Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value 8
HEPA High-Efficiency Particulate Air
CO Carbon Monoxide
NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide
dpf Days Post-Fertilization
G1 First Generation
G2 Second Generation
G3 Third Generation
IUGR Intrauterine Growth Restriction
MDA Malondialdehyde