4-CMBT	4-Chloro-α-(1-methylethyl)-N-2-thiazolyl-benzeneacetamide
AhR	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
AMPK	5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
BBB	Blood-brain barrier
BDNF	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BEVs	Bacterial extracellular vesicles
BMI	Body mass index
COX-2	Cyclooxygenase-2
CSF	Cerebrospinal fluid
DHA	Docosahexaenoic acid
DMB	3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol
F/B	Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio
FDA	U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FFAR	Free fatty acid receptor
FFAR2	Free fatty acid receptor 2
FFAR3	Free fatty acid receptor 3
FMT	Faecal microbiota transplantation
FOS	Fructo-oligosaccharides
GABA	Gamma-aminobutyric acid
GFAP	Glial fibrillary acidic protein
GOS	Galacto-oligosaccharides
GPCRs	G protein-coupled receptors
H3	Histone 3
HDAC	Histone deacetylase
HI	Hypoxia-ischaemia
HIE	Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
Iba1	Ionised calcium-binding adapter molecule 1
IBD	Inflammatory bowel disease
IDO	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
IgG	Immunoglobulin G
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-10	Interleukin-10
IL-17	Interleukin-17
IPA	Indole-3-propionic acid
JAK-STAT	Janus kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
LRRC19	Leucine Rich Repeat Containing 19
MCAO	Middle cerebral artery occlusion
MGM	Maternal gut microbiota
MIA	Maternal immune activation
NADH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NEC	Necrotising enterocolitis
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
OXT	Oxytocin
P7/P9	Postnatal day 7/9
PA	Perinatal asphyxia
PI3K/AKT	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Protein kinase B
PKC	Protein kinase C
PUFA	Polyunsaturated fatty acids
PVL	Periventricular leukomalacia
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
S100B	S100 calcium-binding protein B
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
SD	Sprague-Dawley
SIRT1	Sirtuin 1
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
TECs	Thymic epithelial cells
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-beta
TMA	Trimethylamine
TMAO	Trimethylamine N-oxide
TMG	Trimethylglycine
TNF-α	Tumour necrosis factor-alpha
Tregs	Regulatory T cells