| 2,3-DPG | 2,3-diphosphoglycerate |
| Aβ | Amyloid β-protein |
| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| ALS | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| α-syn | Alpha-synuclein |
| CNS | Central nervous system |
| DPGM | Phosphoglycerate mutase |
| EPO | Erythropoietin |
| EPOR | Erythropoietin receptor |
| EPC | Erythroid precursor cell |
| Hb | Hemoglobin |
| Hbα/β | Hemoglobin alpha/beta subunit |
| HIF | Hypoxia-inducible factor |
| HIF-α/β | Hypoxia-inducible factor subunit α/β |
| HRE | Hypoxia response element |
| HS | Hemorrhagic stroke |
| H2O2 | Hydrogen peroxide |
| IS | Ischemic stroke |
| mDA neurons | Midbrain dopaminergic neurons |
| NDDs | Neurodegenerative diseases |
| Ngb | Neuroglobin |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| PD | Parkinson’s disease |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| TBI | Traumatic brain injury |
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