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. 2025 Sep 8;13(9):2192. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13092192
ACC American College of Cardiology
ADA American Diabetes Association
AGA American Gastroenterology Association
AHA American Heart Association
AI Artificial intelligence
ACEi Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
ARB Angiotensin receptor blocker
ASO Antisense Oligonucleotides
ANGPTL3 Angiopoietin-like 3
ASCVD Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
CAD Coronary artery disease
CETP Cholesteryl ester transfer protein
CKM Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome
CVD Cardiovascular disease
CKD Chronic kidney disease
EASD European Association for the Study of Diabetes
ESC European Society of Cardiology
GLP1-RA Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
HFMREF Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction
HFPEF Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HFREF Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
KDIGO Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes
KDOQI National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative
LDL Low density lipoprotein
MACE Major adverse cardiovascular events
MASLD Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
MASH Metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis
NAFLD Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
PCSK9 Proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin type 9
RAS Renin angiotensin system
SGLT2i Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors
TRβ Thyroid receptor beta