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. 2025 Sep 11;13(9):2243. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13092243
AAV Adeno-associated virus
AFP Alpha-fetoprotein
AKT Protein kinase B
ASO Antisense oligonucleotide
AUC Area under the curve
CAM Chorio-allantoic membrane
CAF Cancer-associated fibroblast
CH Chronic hepatitis
CHB Chronic hepatitis B
DEN Diethylnitrosamine
DFS Disease-free survival
DNMT1 DNA methyltransferase 1 (gene symbol)
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor
EMT Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
EV Extracellular vesicle
FDG-PET Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography
FASN Fatty acid synthase (gene symbol)
GEMM Genetically engineered mouse model
G6PD Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
G6PC Glucose-6-phosphatase
HDAC Histone deacetylase
HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma
HBV Hepatitis B virus
HCV Hepatitis C virus
HK2 Hexokinase 2 (gene symbol)
HIF-1α Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha
IL-6 Interleukin-6
LDHA Lactate dehydrogenase A
LNA Locked nucleic acid
LNP Lipid nanoparticle
LP Liposome (carrier)
miRNA MicroRNA
mTOR Mechanistic target of rapamycin
NAFLD Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
NP Nanoparticle
ONC Oncogenic
OS Overall survival
OTT Onset To treatment
OXPHOS Oxidative phosphorylation
PAK4 p21-activated kinase 4
PBX3 Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 3
PD-1 Programmed cell death protein 1
PD-L1 Programmed death-ligand 1
PDK1 Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1
PET Positron emission tomography
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PKM2 Pyruvate kinase isozyme M2
PPP Pentose–phosphate pathway
PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog
qRT-PCR Quantitative reverse transcription PCR
RFA Radiofrequency ablation
RFS Recurrence-free survival
SCD1 Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1
SMAD4 Small mothers against decapentaplegic 4
TACE Transarterialchemoembolisation
TCGA The Cancer Genome Atlas
TGFβR1 Transforming growth factor β receptor 1
TKIs Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
TME Tumor microenvironment
TNM Tumor–node–metastasis staging
TS Tumor-suppressor
VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
VE-cadherin Vascular endothelial cadherin
XPO1 Exportin 1 (gene symbol)
YAP1 Yes-associated protein 1