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. 2025 Sep 11;15(9):1307. doi: 10.3390/biom15091307
AF Alexa Fluor dye
AUC Area under the curve
CF Cyanine-based far red fluorescent dye
CRC Colorectal cancer
ctDNA Circulating tumor DNA
CTCs Circulating tumor cells
dMMR Deficient mismatch repair
dSTORM Direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy
EpCAM  Epithelial cell adhesion molecule
ESCRT Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport
EVs Extracellular vesicles
HDI Human development index
ICI Immune checkpoint inhibitor
IHC Immunohistochemistry
IL-6 Interleukin-6
KRAS Kirsten rat sarcoma virus
MMR Mismatch repair
MSI Microsatellite instability
NRAS Neuroblastoma RAS oncogene
NTA Nanoparticle tracking analysis
PD-L1 Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1
ROC Receiver operating characteristic
RT Room temperature
SEM Scanning electron microscopy
UC Ultracentrifugation
WB Western blot