| AF | Alexa Fluor dye |
| AUC | Area under the curve |
| CF | Cyanine-based far red fluorescent dye |
| CRC | Colorectal cancer |
| ctDNA | Circulating tumor DNA |
| CTCs | Circulating tumor cells |
| dMMR | Deficient mismatch repair |
| dSTORM | Direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy |
| EpCAM | Epithelial cell adhesion molecule |
| ESCRT | Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport |
| EVs | Extracellular vesicles |
| HDI | Human development index |
| ICI | Immune checkpoint inhibitor |
| IHC | Immunohistochemistry |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| KRAS | Kirsten rat sarcoma virus |
| MMR | Mismatch repair |
| MSI | Microsatellite instability |
| NRAS | Neuroblastoma RAS oncogene |
| NTA | Nanoparticle tracking analysis |
| PD-L1 | Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 |
| ROC | Receiver operating characteristic |
| RT | Room temperature |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscopy |
| UC | Ultracentrifugation |
| WB | Western blot |