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. 2025 Aug 26;13(9):2081. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13092081
11β-HSD2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2
ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
Ang II angiotensin II
ARB angiotensin receptor blocker
ASI aldosterone synthase inhibitor
CKD chronic kidney disease
CYP11β2 cytochrome P450 11β2, aldosterone synthase
eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
ENaC epithelial sodium channels
ESKD end-stage kidney disease
Gal-3 galectin-3
HFrEF heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
MR mineralocorticoid receptor
MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
NGAL Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin
NT-proBNP N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide
PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
RAAS renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
Rac-1 Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1
RAS renin–angiotensin system
ROS reactive oxygen species
SGLT2 sodium–glucose transport protein 2
TGF-β transforming growth factor-beta
UACR urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio