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. 2025 Sep 9;13(9):2203. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13092203
Abbreviation Explanation
IL-1β Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-8 Interleukin-8 (also known as CXCL8)
IL-10 Interleukin-10
IL-12 Interleukin-12
IL-17 Interleukin-17
IFN-γ Interferon-gamma
TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
TGF-β Transforming Growth Factor-beta
CXCL8 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (synonymous with IL-8)
CXCR1/2 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 and 2
CCL2 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2
CCL5 C-C motif chemokine ligand 5
CXCL12 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12
CXCR4 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4
EMT Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
TAM Tumor-Associated Macrophage
MDSC Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell
NK cell Natural Killer cell
Treg Regulatory T cell
Th1 T helper 1 (pro-inflammatory, cell-mediated immunity)
Th2 T helper 2 (anti-inflammatory, humoral immunity)
Th17 T helper 17 (subset producing IL-17)
STAT3 Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3
NF-κB Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
MAPK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
JAK Janus Kinase
HR Hazard Ratio
OR Odds Ratio
CI Confidence Interval
OS Overall Survival
DFS Disease-Free Survival
ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
IHC Immunohistochemistry
TCGA The Cancer Genome Atlas
TNBC Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
PD-L1 Programmed Death-Ligand 1
PD-1 Programmed Death-1 (immune checkpoint receptor)
TAZ Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (in Hippo signaling pathway)
mRNA Messenger Ribonucleic Acid