18F-DOPA	3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]fluoro-L-phenylalanine
ADC	Apparent diffusion coefficient
AGI	Artificial general intelligence
AI	Artificial intelligence
ANN	Artificial neural network
APOLLO	Raman-based pathology of malignant glioma
AR	Augmented reality
ATRX	Alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked
AUC	Area under curve
AURORA	A multicenter analysis of stereotactic radiotherapy to the resection cavity of brain metastases
BBB	Blood-brain barrier
BCRP	Breast cancer resistance protein
BraTumIA	Brain tumor image analysis
CAR	Chimeric antigen receptor
CBF	Cerebral blood flow
CDKN2A/B	Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B
CET	Contrast-enhancing tumor
CFD	Cell fate determinant
Cho	Choline
CIC	Capicua transcriptional repressor
CMRO2	Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen
CNN	Convolutional neural network
CNS	Central nervous system
CPH	Cox proportional hazards
Cr	Creatine
CT	Computed tomography
CTL	Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte
CTV	Clinical target volume
DL	Deep learning
DSC	Dice similarity coefficient
DSC	Dynamic susceptibility contrast
DTI	Diffusion-tensor imaging
DWI	Diffusion-weighted imaging
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
FDG	18F-fluorodeoxyglucose
FLAIR	Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
FPR3	N-formyl peptide receptor 3
GBM	Glioblastoma multiforme
G-CIMP	Cytosine-phosphate-guanine island methylator phenotype
GPT-3	Generative pre-trained transformer 3
Grad-CAM	Gradient-weighted class activation mapping
GRS	Glycolysis-related gene signature
GTV	Gross tumor volume
HDFT-F	High-definition fiber tractography with sodium fluorescein
HSI	Hyperspectral imaging
HUD	Head-up display
IBM	International Business Machines Corporation
ICI	Immune checkpoint inhibitor
iDC-APC	Induced antigen-presenting cells
IDH1	Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1
IL-6	Interleukin 6
IM	Immune subtype
IMRT	Intensity-modulated radiation therapy
KPS	Karnofsky performance status
kVCT	Kilovoltage computed tomography
Lac	Lactate
LF	Local failure
LORIS	Logistic regression-based immunotherapy-response score
LSTM	Long short-term memory
mAR	Mobile augmented reality
MGMT	O[6]-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
MIL	Multi-instance learning
mitoPO2	Tissue oxygen saturation
ML	Machine learning
MR	Mixed reality
MRI	Magnetic resonance imaging
MRPM	Magnetic resonance projection mapping
MRS	Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
NAA	N-acetylaspartate
NET2	Non-enhancing T2 hyperintense
NK	Natural killer
NLP	Natural language processing
NLU	Natural language understanding
OEF	Oxygen extraction fraction
OS	Overall survival
PCNSL	Primary central nervous system lymphoma
PD1	Programmed cell death protein 1
PET	Positron emission tomography
PFS	Progression-free survival
P-gp	P-glycoprotein
RANO	Response assessment in neuro-oncology
rCBV	Relative cerebral blood volume
ROC	Receiver operating characteristic
ROI	Region of interest
RSF	Random survival forest
RS-fMRI	Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging
SHAP	Shapley additive explanations
SINA	Sina intraoperative neurosurgical assist
SRMA	Systematic review and meta-analysis
SRT	Stereotactic radiation therapy
SVM	Support vector machine
T1GD	T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced
TCGA	The Cancer Genome Atlas
TCIA	The Cancer Imaging Archive
TERT	Telomerase reverse transcriptase
TERTp	Telomerase reverse transcriptase gene promoter
TME	Tumor microenvironment
TMZ	Temozolomide
TP53	Tumor protein 53
TRIPOD	Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis
TVN	Trans-visible navigator
ViT	Vision transformer
VNIR	Visible and near-infrared
VR	Virtual reality
WHO	World Health Organization
WSI	Whole-slide image
WSL	Weakly supervised learning
XAI	Explainable artificial intelligence