AA	Ascorbic acid
ABPE	Acetylene black paste electrode
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
AgM	Silver molybdate
AI	Artificial intelligence
Apt	Aptamer
AuE	Gold electrode
AuNPs	Gold nanoparticles
AuSPE	Gold screen-printed electrode
Bi2S3	Bismuth sulfide
CB	Carbon black
CC-PSA	Constant-current potentiometric stripping analysis
CHS	Copper hexahydroxystannate
CMOS	Complementary metal oxide semiconductor
CNF	Carbon nanofiber
CPE	Carbon paste electrode
CQDs	Carbon quantum dots
CS	Chitosan
CV	Cyclic voltammetry
DA	Dopamine
DALYs	Disability-adjusted life years
DAOx	Diamine oxidase
DGNs	Dendritic gold nanostructures
DPV	Differential pulse voltammetry
EGPU	Modified graphite-polyurethane composite electrode
EIS	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
FC	Ferricyanide
Fc-MWCNTs	Ferrocene-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Fe3O4@SiO2/DABCO	Magnetic double-charged diazoniabicyclo [2.2.2] octane dichloride silica hybrid
f-MWCNTs	Functionalized MWCNTs
FSN	Amine-functionalized silica nanoparticle
GCE	Glassy carbon electrode
GCF	Gingival crevicular fluid
GO	Graphene oxide
GPE	Graphite paste electrode
GQDs	Graphene quantum dots
Gr	Graphene
GrE	Graphite electrode
GS	Graphite sheets
HA-MWCNTs	Hyaluronic acid-multi-walled carbon nanotubes
HOMINGS	Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing
HPLC	High-performance liquid chromatography
IDO	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
IL	Ionic liquid
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6	Interleukin-6
ILCs	Ionic liquid crystals
ITO	Indium tin oxide
Kyn	Kynurenine
KynA	Kynurenic acid
L-Lys-Ni	L-Lysine-functionalized nickel
LOC	Lab-on-chip
LOD	Limit of detection
LR	Linear range
LSV	Linear sweep voltammetry
MAOx	Monoamine oxidase
MIPs	Molecularly imprinted polymers
MnCo2O4-rGOs	Manganese cobaltite entrapped rGOs
MO	Methyl orange
MOF	Metal-organic framework
MWCNTs	Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
NaBH4	Sodium borohydride
NESA	Nicking endonuclease signal amplification
N-Gr	Nitrogen-doped graphene
N-HCS	Nitrogen-doped carbon hollow spheres
Ni NPS/N-C	Nickel nanoparticles/nitrogen-carbon nanohybrid
NiMn-LDH@PLL	NiMn-layered double hydroxide@poly-l-lysine
NiPC-CPE	Nickel phthalocyanine modified carbon paste electrode
NIPs	Non-imprinted polymers
NPs	Nanoparticles
OD	1,8-ocatane diamine
OSCC	Oral squamous cell carcinoma
PA	Picolinic acid
p-AMT	Poly(5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole)
P-Arg	Poly(L-arginine)
PCL	Polycaprolactone
PDN	Polydopamine nanospheres
PEDOT	Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
PEDOT:PSS	Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)
PGE	Pencil graphite electrode
PMU	Poly-murexide
POC	Point-of-care
POM	Polyoxometalate
PProDOT	Poly(3,4-proplenedioxy thiophene)
PPy-SG	Polypyrrole-sulfonated graphene
Pt	Platinum
PT	Polythiophene
PTB	Poly(toluidine blue)
PTC	Papillary thyroid carcinoma
PVF	Polyvinylferrocene
QA	Quinolinic acid
rAu-PtNPs	Rod gold-platinum nanoparticles
Rct	Charge transfer resistance
rGO	Reduced graphene oxide
SDLSV	Second derivative linear sweep voltammetry
SERS	Surface-enhanced Raman scattering
SGr	Sulfur-doped graphene
SPCE	Screen printed carbon electrode
SR	Serotonin
SWV	Square wave voltammetry
TiC	Titanium carbide
TiO2	Titanium dioxide
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
TPE	Thermoplastic electrode
Trp	Tryptophan
Tryp	Tryptamine
Tyr	Tyrosine
UA	Uric acid
UPLC-HRMS	Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry