ADC	Analogue-to-digital Converter
AIV	Avian Influenza Virus
AMI	Acute Myocardial Infarction
APTES	(3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane
AuNPs	Gold Nanoparticles
AuPs	Gold Particles
BSA	Bovine Serum Albumin
CESA	Cyclic Enzymatic Signal Amplification
CHA	Catalytic Hairpin Assembly
CL	Chemiluminescence
CNT	Carbon Nanotubes
CNT-FET	CNT field-effect transistor
COOH	Carboxyl Group
Cr(VI)	Chromium(VI)
CRP	C-Reactive Protein
CSV	Cell-Surface Vimentin
CTC	Circulating Tumour Cell
CTM	Circulating Tumour Microemboli
cTnI	Cardiac Troponin I
cTnT	Cardiac troponin T
CVD	Chemical Vapour Deposition
CV	Cyclic voltammetry
CNP	Charge Neutrality Point
DBCO	Dibenzocyclooctyne
DCM	Dichloromethane
DENV	Dengue virus
DPV	Differential Pulse Voltammetry
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNT	2,4-dinitrotoluene
DSU	Dithiobis(succinimidyl undecanoate)
DVS	Divinyl Sulfone
EC	Electrochemical
EDC/NHS	1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide
EIS	Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
ELISA	Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
EpCAM	Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule
enPSERS	Enhanced Plasmonic SERS
ETA	Ethanolamine
FAM	6-Carboxyfluorescein
FETs	Field-Effect Transistors
FRET	Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
FTH1	Ferritin Heavy Chain 1
FVIII	Factor VIII
G-PLA	Graphene-polylactic acid
GEMS	Graphene Electronic Multiplexed Sensor
GERS	Graphene-Enhanced Raman Scattering
GET	Graphene Electronic Tattoo
GFET	Graphene Field-Effect Transistor
GNR	Graphene nanoribbons
GNS	Gold nanostar
GNW	Graphene Nanowalls
GO	Graphene Oxide
GOQD	Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots
GQDs	Graphene Quantum Dots
Gr	Graphene
H2	Hydrogen
H2S	Hydrogen Sulphide
Hg(II)	Mercury(II)
IgG	Immunoglobulin G
IgM	Immunoglobulin M
IL-6R	Interleukin-6 Receptor
ITO	Indium Tin Oxide
LIG	Laser-induced graphene
LoD	Limit of Detection
LSG	Laser-Scribed Graphene
LSV	Linear Sweep Voltammetry
mAb	Monoclonal Antibody
MB-Chi	Methylene Blue-Chitosan
MCU	Microcontroller Unit
MGF	Monolayer graphene film
MI	Myocardial Infarction
MEMS/NEMS	Micro- and Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems
MMP-9	Matrix Metallopeptidase 9
NGO	Nanoporous Graphene Oxide
NH2	Amino Group
NH3	Ammonia
NO2	Nitrogen dioxide
NP	Nucleocapsid protein
NPC	Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
nf-EIS	non-faradaic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
PAD	Paper-Based Analytical Device
PAMAM	Polyamidoamine
PBA	1-Pyrenebutyric acid
PBASE	1-Pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester
PBS	Phosphate-Buffered Saline
PCC	Protein-Catalysed Capture
PCA	Principal Component Analysis
PCA3	Prostate Cancer Antigen 3
Pd	Palladium
PDMS	polydimethylsiloxane
pDNA	Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid
PE	Pulmonary Embolism
PEDOT:PSS	poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)
PEG4	Polyethylene Glycol (with 4 repeating units)
PEI	Polyethyleneimine
PTDA	Pyrene-Tagged DNA Aptamer
PVDF	Polyvinylidene fluoride
PL	Photoluminescence
POC	Point-of-care
QCM	Quartz Crystal Microbalance
rGO	Reduced Graphene Oxide
RABV	Rabies Virus
RhB	Rhodamine B
RNA	Ribonucleic Acid
RSV	Respiratory Syncytial Virus
SAM	Self-Assembled Monolayer
SARS-CoV	Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
SERS	Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
SNP	Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism
SO2	Sulphur dioxide
SPR	Surface Plasmon Resonance
SWV	Square Wave Voltammetry
T-GO-C	Thymine-Graphene Oxide-Carbohydrazide
TMA	Trimethylamine
TNF-α	Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha
TPET	Tetraphenylethylene Pyrene
TPU	Thermoplastic Polyurethane
TrGO	Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide
VOC	Volatile Organic Compound
VS-PEI	Vinylsulfonated-polyethyleneimine
XPS	X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy