Skip to main content
. 2025 Sep 16;14(18):1445. doi: 10.3390/cells14181445
APC Antigen-presenting cell
CIS Clinically isolated syndrome
DMD Disease-modifying drug
DMF Dimethyl fumarate
EDSS Expanded disability status scale
eEF1A Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 A
GFP Green fluorescent protein
HC Healthy control
3H-Tdr 3H-thymidine
mAb Monoclonal antibody
MFI Mean fluorescent intensity
miR Micro RNA
mRNA Messenger RNA
MS Multiple sclerosis
PBMC Peripheral blood mononuclear cell
PBS Phosphate-buffered saline
PCR Polymerase chain reaction
PIP2 Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
PIP3 Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate
PKB Protein kinase B
PMSF Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
PTEN Phosphatase and Tensin homolog
qRT-PCR Quantitative real-time PCR
RNA Ribonucleic acid
RRMS Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
SD Standard deviation
SEM Standard error of the mean
siRNA Small interfering RNA
STAT Signal transducers and activators of transcription
TCR T cell receptor
Teff Effector T cell
Treg Regulatory T cell