| T2DM | Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| LGB | Lophatherum gracile Brongn |
| GM | Gut microbiota |
| HE | Hematoxylin and eosin |
| PAS | Periodic acid–Schiff |
| STZ | Streptozotocin |
| INS | Insulin |
| FBG | Fasting blood glucose |
| OGTT | Oral glucose tolerance test |
| HOMA-IR | Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance |
| GHb | Glycosylated hemoglobin |
| DAO | Diamine oxidase |
| D-LA | D-lactic acid |
| TC | Total cholesterol |
| TG | Total triglyceride |
| LDL-C | Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| HDL-C | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor-α |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| TLR4 | Toll-like receptor 4 |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa-B |
| PCoA | Principal coordinate analysis |
| PLS-DA | Partial least squares discriminant analysis |
| OPLS-DA | Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis |
| PCA | Principal component analysis |
| ZO-1 | Zonula occludens-1 |
| SCFAs | Short-chain fatty acids |