| AAC | Augmentative and alternative communication |
| ADHD | Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
| ADI-R | Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised |
| ADOS | Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule |
| AFQ | Automated fiber quantification |
| ASD | Autism spectrum disorder |
| CNV | Copy number variants |
| CSF | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| DTI | Diffusion tensor imaging |
| EEG | Electroencephalogram |
| EWASs | Epigenome-wide association studies |
| fMRI | Functional magnetic resonance imaging |
| GI | Gastrointestinal |
| GSH | Glutathione |
| GWASs | Genome-wide association studies |
| ID | Intellectual disability |
| IDO | Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase |
| IVIG | Intravenous immunoglobulin |
| MAR | Maternal antibody-related |
| MCP-1 | Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 |
| MEG | Magnetoencephalography |
| MIA | Maternal immune activation |
| MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging |
| NDBI | Naturalistic behavioral intervention |
| NK | Natural killer cells |
| PECS | Picture exchange communication system |
| PRSs | Polygenic risk scores |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| RRB | Restrained repetitive behaviors |
| SAH | S-adenosylhomocysteine |
| SAM | S-adenosylmethionine |
| ToM | Theory of Mind |
| Treg | Regulatory T cells |
| TNF | Tumor necrosis factor-α |
| VUSs | Variants of uncertain significance |