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. 2025 Sep 10;47(9):738. doi: 10.3390/cimb47090738
cftDNA Cell-free tumor DNA
cftRNA Cell-free tumor RNA
cfDNA Cell-free DNA (not necessarily from tumor)
cfRNA Cell-free RNA (not necessarily from tumor)
UMI Unique molecular identifier
ddPCR Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction
WGS Whole genome sequencing
PTM Post-translational modifications
DNA-PAINT DNA points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography
FISH Fluorescent in situ hybridization
EV Extracellular vesicle 
RT-qPCR Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction
circRNA Circular RNA
lncRNA Long non-coding RNA
FRET Fluorescence resonance energy transfer
MRD Minimal residual disease
CSF Cerebral spinal fluid
HNSCC Head and neck small cell carcinoma
VAF Variable allele frequency
CRC Colorectal cancer
FDA USA Food and Drug Administration
PPV Positive predictive value