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. 2025 Sep 19;17(18):3075. doi: 10.3390/cancers17183075
5-ALA 5-aminolevulinic acid
IDH isocitrate dehydrogenase
PFS progression-free survival
OS overall survival
GTR gross total resection
WHO World Health Organization
PGB porphobilinogen
CPOX coproporphyrinogen oxidase
PPOX protoporphyrinogen oxidase
PpIX protoporphyrin IX
FECH ferrochelatase
2-HG 2-hydroxyglutarate
FDA the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis
GBM Glioblastoma
LGGs low-grade gliomas
MGMT O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase
CE contrast enhancement
LOOCV leave-one-out cross-validation
EOR extent of resection
HO-1 heme oxygenase-1
TCA tricarboxylic acid cycle